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ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ ื“ื‘ืึท ื‘ืึทื“ื™ื ื•ื ื’ืก

ืžื™ืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ื™:

ืื•ื ื– ื–ืขืžื™ืจ Data Scientist ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืœื™ื‘ืข ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืึทื˜ืข.

ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึท ืžืึทื ืฉืึทืคึฟื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืึทื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ. ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื’ืขืœืขืจื ื˜ืขืจ.

I ื“ืึทื˜ืข ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื•ื™ืžืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ึท ืžืึทืœืขื ื™ืึทื, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืžื™ืจ ื™ื ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ื™ืจืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืœื˜ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืงื•ื•ืึทืœื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืคืืจื•ื•ืืก ื dato ื ื™ื˜-ืงื•ื•ืึทืœื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืื™ื– ืึท ืงืึธืกื˜ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืจืžืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ืงืึธืกื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ. ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ ื“ื‘ืึท ืขืงืกืคึผืขืจืฅ | ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ ื“ื‘ืึท ื‘ืึทื“ื™ื ื•ื ื’ืก | ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ืึทืกืข ืึทื“ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืจืึทื˜ืึธืจ | ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ ื“ื‘ืึท | ืกื˜ืขืคืึทื ืึธ ืคืึทื ื˜ื™ืŸ.

ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ ื“ื‘ืึท ื‘ืึทื“ื™ื ื•ื ื’ืก: ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ืึทืœ ื–ืึธื ืขืก

ืึธื ืœื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื‘ ืึทื’ืขื ื˜ื•ืจ ืคื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืขื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ ื“ื‘ืึท ืกืขืจื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก, ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืœื’ืขื ื“ืข ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ:

ืึธื ืœื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื‘ ืึทื’ืขื ื˜ื•ืจ ืคื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืขื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ ื“ื‘ืึท ืกืขืจื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก, ืื™ืŸ ืงืึทื ื˜ืึธืŸ ื˜ื™ืกื™ื ืึธ :

ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ ื“ื‘ืึท ืกืขืจื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก, ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืึทืฆื™ืึธื ืึทืœืข ืžืึทืจืง

ืึธื ืœื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื‘ ืึทื’ืขื ื˜ื•ืจ ืคื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืขื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ ื“ื‘ืึท ืกืขืจื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืœื’ืขื ื“ืข ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืืฆื™ืื ืืœืข ืžืึทืจืง: ื ื™ื• ื™ืืจืง ืกื™ื˜ื™, ืœืืก ืื ื“ื–ืฉืขืœืขืก, ื˜ืฉื™ืงืึทื’ืึธ, ื”ืึธื•ืกื˜ืึธืŸ, ืคื™ืœืึทื“ืขืœืคื™ืึท, ืคื™ื ื™ืงืก, ืกืึทืŸ ืึทื ื˜ืึธื ื™ืึธ, ืกืึทืŸ ื“ื™ืขื’ืึธ, Dallas, ืกืึทืŸ ื“ื–ืฉืึธืกืข, ื™ื ื“ื™ืึทื ืึทืคึผืึธืœื™ืก, ืกืึทืŸ ืคึฟืจืึทื ืกื™ืกืงืึธ, ื“ืขื˜ืจืึธื™ื˜, ืขืœืคึผืึทืกืึธ, Seattle, ื‘ืึธืกื˜ืึธืŸ, ื•ื•ืึทืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ืึธืŸ, ืกืึทืงืจืึทืžืขื ื˜ืึธ, ืึทื˜ืœืึทื ื˜ืึท, ืจืึธืœื™, ื ื™ื• ื™ืืจืง ืกื™ื˜ื™, ืœืืก ืื ื“ื–ืฉืขืœืขืก, ื˜ืฉื™ืงืึทื’ืึธ, ื”ืึธื•ืกื˜ืึธืŸ, ืคื™ืœืึทื“ืขืœืคื™ืึท, ืคื™ื ื™ืงืก, ืกืึทืŸ ืึทื ื˜ืึธื ื™ืึธ, ืกืึทืŸ ื“ื™ืขื’ืึธ, Dallas, ืกืึทืŸ ื“ื–ืฉืึธืกืข, ื™ื ื“ื™ืึทื ืึทืคึผืึธืœื™ืก, ืกืึทืŸ ืคึฟืจืึทื ืกื™ืกืงืึธ, ื“ืขื˜ืจืึธื™ื˜, ืขืœืคึผืึทืกืึธ, Seattle, ื‘ืึธืกื˜ืึธืŸ, ื•ื•ืึทืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ืึธืŸ, ืกืึทืงืจืึทืžืขื ื˜ืึธ, ืึทื˜ืœืึทื ื˜ืึท, ืจืึธืœื™; ืงืึทื ืึทื“ืข: ื˜ืึธืจืึธื ื˜ืึธ, ืžืึธื ื˜ืจืขืึทืœ, ืงืึทืœื’ืึทืจื™, ืึทื˜ืึทื•ื•ืึท, ืขื“ืึธืžืึธื ื˜ืึธืŸ, ืžื™ืกื™ืกืึทื•ื’ืึท, ื•ื•ื™ื ื ื™ืคึผืขื’, ื•ื•ืึทื ืงืึธื•ื•ื•ืขืจ; ืคึฟืึทืจืื™ื™ื ื™ืงื˜ืข ืžืœื›ื•ืช : ืœืึธื ื“ืึธืŸ, ื’ืœืึทืกืงืึธื•, ืฉืขืคื™ืœื“, ืœื™ื•ื•ืขืจืคึผื•ืœ, ืžืึทื ื˜ืฉืขืกื˜ืขืจ, ื‘ืจื™ืกื˜ืึธืœ, ืœื™ื“ื–, ื‘ื™ืจืžื™ื ื’ื”ืึทื; ืื™ื™ืจืึธืคึผืข: ืœืึธื ื“ืึธืŸ, ื‘ืขืจืœื™ืŸ, ืžืึทื“ืจื™ื“, ืจืึธืžืึท, ืคึผืึทืจื™ื–, ื‘ื•ืงืืจืขืฉื˜, ื•ื•ื™ืŸ, ื”ืึทืžื‘ื•ืจื’, ื‘ื•ื“ืึทืคึผืขืฉื˜, ื•ื•ืืจืฉืข, ื‘ืึทืจืกืขืœืึธื ืึท, ืžืึธื ืึทืงืึธ, ืžื™ืœืึทืŸ, Sofia, ืคึผืจืึทื’ืึท, ื‘ืจื™ืกืœ, ื‘ื™ืจืžื™ื ื’ื”ืึทื, ืงืึธืœืึธื ื™ืึท, ื ืึทืคึผืึธืœื™, ืกื˜ืึธืงื›ืึธืœื, ื˜ืึธืจื™ื ืึธ, Marseille, ืึทืžืกื˜ืขืจื“ืึทื, ื–ืึทื’ืจืขื‘, ื•ื•ืึทืœืขื ืกื™ืึท, ืžืึธืกืงื•ื•ืข, ื“ื•ืกืึทืœื“ืึธืจืฃ;
ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืฉื˜ืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜: ื˜ืึธืงื™ืึธ, ืฉืึทื ื’ื”ืึทื™, ื“ื–ืฉืึทืงืึทืจื˜ืึท, ื“ืขืœื™, ืกืขืึธื•ืœ, ื™ืกื˜ืึทื ื‘ื•ืœ, ืงืึทืจืึทื˜ืฉื™, ื˜ืึธืงื™ืึธ, ืงืื ื˜ืืŸ , ืžื•ืžื‘ืึทื™, ืžืึธืกืงื•ื•ืข, ืกื˜ ืคืื•ืœื•ืก, ืœืึทื”ืึธืจืข, ื“ืขืœื™, ื“ื–ืฉืึทืงืึทืจื˜ืึท, ืงื™ื ืฉืึทืกืึท, ื‘ืœื•ื™ื–, Mexico City, ืœืึธื ื“ืึธืŸ, New York, ื‘ืึทื ื’ืึทืœืึธืจืข, ืขืจ ืงื™ื™ ืžื™ืŸ, ืœื™ืžืึท, ื›ืึทื ื•ื™, Bogota, ื˜ืขื”ืขืจืึทืŸ, ื”ืึธื ื’ ืงืึธื ื’, ื‘ืึทื ื’ืงืึธืง, Dhaka, ืงืึทื™ืจืึธ, ืจื™ืึธ ื“ืข ื“ื–ืฉืึทื ืขื™ืจืึธ, ืงืึทืจืึทืงืึทืก, ื‘ืึทื’ื“ืึทื“, ืกื˜. ืคืขื˜ืขืจื‘ื•ืจื’, ืจื™ืึทื“, ืงืึทืœืงื•ื˜ื˜ืึท, ืกื™ื ื’ืึทืคึผืึธืจ, ืกืึทื ื˜ื™ืึทื’ืึธ, ืกื™ื“ื ื™, Surat, ื˜ืฉืขื ื ืึทื™, ืžืขืœื‘ืขืจืŸ, ื™ืึทื ื’ืึธืŸ, ืืœืขืงืกืื ื“ืจื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืžืฆืจื™ื, ืฉืขื ื™ืึทื ื’, ื”ื™ื“ืขืจืึทื‘ืึทื“, ืœืืก ืื ื“ื–ืฉืขืœืขืก, ืึทื”ืžืขื“ืึทื‘ืึทื“, ืึทื ืงืึทืจืึท, ื“ื–ืฉืึธื”ืึทื ื ืขืกื‘ื•ืจื’, ื•ื•ื•ื”ืึทืŸ, ื™ืึธืงืึธื”ืึทืžืึท, ืึทื‘ื™ื“ื“ื–ืฉืึทืŸ, ืคึผื•ืกืึทืŸ, ืงืึทืคึผืข ื˜ืึทื•ืŸ, ื“ื•ืจื‘ืึทืŸ, ืคึผื•ื ืข, Jeddah, ื‘ืขืจืœื™ืŸ, ืงืึทืกืึทื‘ืœืึทื ืงืึท, ืคึผื™ืึธื ื’ื™ืึทื ื’, ืงืึทื ืคึผื•ืจ, ืžืึทื“ืจื™ื“, ื“ื–ืฉืึทื™ืคึผื•ืจ, ื ื™ื™ืจืึธื•ื‘ื™, ืคืึทื™ืกืึทืœืึทื‘ืึทื“, ื•ืจื•ืžืงื™, ื‘ืจืึทื–ื™ืœื™ืึท, ืกืึทืœื•ื•ืึทื“ืึธืจ, ื‘ื•ืขื ืืก ืื™ื™ืจืขืก, ืจืึธืžืึท, ื˜ืฉื™ืงืึทื’ืึธ, ืคืขืกื˜ื•ื ื’, ื˜ืฉื™ื˜ื˜ืึทื’ืึธื ื’, ื‘ืขืœืึธ ื”ืึธืจื™ื–ืึธื ื˜ืข, ื˜ืึธืจืึธื ื˜ืึธ; ืคึฟืึทืจืื™ื™ื ื™ืงื˜ืข ืžืœื›ื•ืช : ืึทื‘ืขืจื“ืขืขืŸ, ื‘ืึทืกื™ื ื’ืกื˜ืึธืงืข, ื•ื•ืึทื ืข, ื‘ืขืœืคืึทืกื˜, ื‘ื™ืจืžื™ื ื’ื”ืึทื, ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืึทืŸ, ื‘ืจื™ืกื˜ืึธืœ, ื‘ืจืึทืžืœื™, ืงืขืžื‘ืจื™ื“ื–ืฉ, ืงืึทืจื“ื™ืฃ, ืขื“ื™ื ื‘ื•ืจื’ื”, ืขืงืกืขื˜ืขืจ, ื’ืึทื˜ืขืฉืขืึทื“, ื’ืœืึทืกืงืึธื•, ื’ืจื•ื™, ื’ืจืขืขื ื”ื™ื˜ื”ืข, ืงื™ื ื’ืกื˜ืึธืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื˜ืขืžื–, ืœื™ื“ื–, ืœืขืกื˜ืขืจ, ืœื™ื•ื•ืขืจืคึผื•ืœ, ืœืึธื ื“ืึธืŸ, ืžืึทื ื˜ืฉืขืกื˜ืขืจ, ืžื™ืœื˜ืึธืŸ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืก, ื ืขื•ื•ืงืึทืกื˜ืœืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ืึธืจื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉ, ืคึผืœื™ืžืึธื•ื˜ื”, ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ, ืฉืขืคื™ืœื“, ืกืึธืœื™ื”ื•ืœืœ, ืกืึธื•ื˜ื”ืึทืžืคึผื˜ืึธืŸ, ื•ื•ืึทื˜ืคืึธืจื“; ืึทื•ืกื˜ืจืึทืœื™ืึทืŸ ืงืึทืคึผื™ื˜ืึทืœ ื˜ืขืจื™ื˜ืึธืจื™ืข: ืงืึทื ื‘ืขืจืึท, ื“ืจื•ื ืื•ื™ืกื˜ืจืึทืœื™ืข, ืจื•ื ื“ืœืข ืคึผืœื™ื™ืก, ื ื™ื• ื“ืจื•ื ื•ื•ื™ื™ืœื– ื‘ืึธื ื“ื™, ื‘ืจืึธื“ื•ื•ื™ื™, ืงืึทืกื˜ืœืข ื˜ืึธื•ื•ืขืจืก, Charlestown, ื˜ืฉืึทืฆื•ื•ืึธืึธื“ ื™ืึธื’ืŸ, Hornsby, ืžื™ืจืึทื ื“ืึท, Penrith, ืกื™ื“ื ื™, ืงื•ื•ืขืขื ืกืœืึทื ื“:ื‘ืจื™ืกื‘ืึทื ืข , ืงืึทืจื™ื ื“ืึทืœืข, ื˜ืฉืขืจืžืกื™ื“ืข, Robina, ื•ื•ื™ืงื˜ืึธืจื™ืึท, ื˜ืฉืึทื“ืกื˜ืึธื ืข, ืกืึธื•ื˜ื”ืœืึทื ื“, ื“ืึธื ืงืึทืกื˜ืขืจ, ืคืึธื ื˜ืึทืŸ ื’ื™ื™ื˜; ืขืกื˜ืจื™ื™ืš: ื•ื•ื™ืŸ, ื‘ืขืœื’ื™ืข: ื‘ืจื™ืกืœ, Brazil:ื‘ืืจื ื“ื ื˜ื™ื“ื–ืฉื•ืงื, ืกืึทื• ืคึผืึทื•ืœืึธ, ืงืื ืื“ืข: ืึทืœื‘ืขืจื˜ืึท (ืงืึทื ืึทื“ืข), ืงืึทืœื’ืึทืจื™, ืขื“ืžืึธื ื˜ืึธืŸ, ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉ ืงืึทืœืึทืžื‘ื™ืึท (ืงืึทื ืึทื“ืข) ื‘ื•ืจื ืึทื‘ื™,ืงืึธืงื•ื•ื™ื˜ืœืึทื, ืจื™ื˜ืฉืžืึธื ื“, ืกืขืจื™, ื•ื•ืึทื ืงืึธื•ื•ื•ืขืจ, ืžืึทื ื™ื˜ืึธื‘ืึท (ืงืึทื ืึทื“ืข), ื•ื•ื™ื ื ื™ืคึผืขื’, ื ืึธื•ื•ืึท ืกืงืึธื˜ื™ืึท (ืงืึทื ืึทื“ืข), ื”ืึทืœื™ืคืึทืงืก, ืึธื ื˜ืึทืจื™ืึธ (ืงืึทื ืึทื“ืข),ื‘ื•ืจืœื™ื ื’ื˜ืึธืŸ, ืœืึธื ื“ืึธืŸ, ืžืึทืจื›ืึทื, ืžื™ืกืกื™ืกืกืึทื•ื’ืึท, ื ืขื•ื•ืžืึทืจืงืขื˜, ืึทื˜ืึทื•ื•ืึท, ื˜ืึธืจืึธื ื˜ืึธ, ื•ื•ืึธื˜ืขืจืœื•, ืงื•ื•ืขื‘ืขืง (ืงืึทื ืึทื“ืข),ื‘ืจืึธืกืกืึทืจื“, ืœืึทื•ื•ืึทืœืžืื ื˜ืจืขืืœ , Pointe-Claire, ืงื•ื•ืขื‘ืขืง ืกื™ื˜ื™; ืคืืจื™ื™ื ื™ืงื˜ืข ืึทืจืึทื‘ืขืจ ืขืžื™ืจืึทื˜ืขืก: ืื‘ื• ื“ื”ืึทื‘ื™, ื“ื•ื‘ืึทื™; ืคึฟืจืึทื ืงืจื™ื™ึทืš : ืขืงืก-ืขืŸ-ืคึผืจืึธื•ื•ืขื ืกืข, ื‘ืึธืจื“ืขืึทื•ืงืก, ื“ื™ื“ื–ืฉืึธืŸ, ื“ื™ ื˜ืฉืขืกื ื™ื™, ืœื™ื™ื•ืกืึทื™ื ื˜, ืœื™ืœ, ืœื™ืึธืŸ, Marne-la-Vallรฉe, ืžืึทืจืกืขื™ืœืœืข, ืžืึธื ื˜ืคึผืขืœืœื™ืขืจ, ืคื™ื™ึทืŸ, ืคืืจื™ื– , Puteaux: ืœืึท ืคืึทืจื˜ื™ื™ื“ื™ืงื•ื ื’, ืจืึธืกื ื™ึพืกื•ืกึพื‘ืึธื™ืก, ืกื™ื™ื ื˜ ื”ืขืจื‘ืœื™ื™ืŸ, ืกื˜ืจืึทืกื‘ืึธื•ืจื’, Velizy-Villacoublay; ื“ื™ื™ื˜ืฉืœืื ื“ : ืึทื•ื’ืกื‘ื•ืจื’, ื‘ืขืจืœื™ืŸ, ืงืขืœืŸ, ื“ืจืขื–ื“ืŸ, ื“ื•ืกืึทืœื“ืึธืจืฃ, Frankfurt, ื”ืึทืžื‘ื•ืจื’, ื”ืึทื ื ืึธื•ื•ืขืจ, ืžื™ื ื›ืขืŸ, Oberhausen, Sindelfingen, ื–ื•ืœื–ื‘ืืš; ืกืคึผืึทื™ืŸ : ืึทืจืจื•ื™ืึธ ื“ืข ืœืึท ืขื ืงืึธืžื™ืขื ื“ืึท, ืึทืจืจื•ื™ืึธืžืึธืœื™ื ืึธืก, ื‘ืึทืจืกืขืœืึธื ืึท, ื˜ืฉื•ืจืจืึท, ืœืขื’ืึทื ืขืก, ืžืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทื“ืึทื”ืึธื ื“ืึท, Marbella, ื•ื•ืึทืœืขื ืกื™ืึท, ื–ืึทืจืึทื’ืึธื–ืึท, ืฉื•ื•ืขื“ืŸ: Helsingborg, ืžืึทืœืžรถ, Tรคby; ืกื•ื•ื™ื–ื–ืขืจืึท ื‘ืึทืกืขืœ, ื’ืขื ืขื•ื•ืึท, Glattzentrum bei Wallisellen, ื–ื•ืจื™ืง. ืึธื ืœื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื‘ ืึทื’ืขื ื˜ื•ืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจื™ื™ื ื™ืงื˜ืข ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืžืขืจื™ืงืข. ืึธื ืœื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื‘ ืึทื’ืขื ื˜ื•ืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืงืึทื ืึทื“ืข. ืึธื ืœื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื‘ ืึทื’ืขื ื˜ื•ืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ื™ืจืึธืคึผืข; ืึทืœื‘ืึทื ื™ืึท: ื˜ื™ืจืึทื ืึท; ื“ื™ื™ื˜ืฉืœืื ื“: ื‘ืขืจืœื™ืŸ; Andorra: Andorra la Vella; ืขืกื˜ืจื™ื™ืš: ื•ื•ื™ืŸ; ื‘ืขืœื’ื™ืข: ื‘ืจื™ืกืœ; ื‘ืขืœืืจื•ืกื™ืข: ืžื™ื ืกืง; ื‘ืึธืกื ื™ืึท ื”ืขืจื–ืขื’ืึธื•ื•ื™ื ืึท: ืกืึทืจืึทื“ื–ืฉืขื•ื•ืึธ; ื‘ื•ืœื’ืึทืจื™ืึท: Sofia; ืงืจืืื˜ื™ืข: ื–ืึทื’ืจืขื‘; ื“ืขื ืžืึทืจืง: ืงืึธืคึผืขื ื”ืึทื’ืขืŸ; ืกืœืึธื•ื•ืึทืงื™ืึท: ื‘ืจืึทื˜ื™ืกืœืึทื•ื•ืึท; ืกืœืึธื•ื•ืขื ื™ืึท: ืœื•ื‘ื™ืึทื ืึท; ืกืคึผืึทื™ืŸ: ืžืึทื“ืจื™ื“; ืขืกื˜ืึธื ื™ืึท: ื˜ืึทืœืœื™ื ืŸ; ืคื™ื ืœืึทื ื“: ื”ืขืœืกื™ื ืงื™; ืคึฟืจืึทื ืงืจื™ื™ึทืš: ืคึผืึทืจื™ื–; ื’ืจื™ื›ื ืœืื ื“: ืื˜ืขื ืข; ื•ื ื’ื”ืขืจื™ืึท: ื‘ื•ื“ืึทืคึผืขืฉื˜; ื™ืจืขืœืึทื ื“: ื“ื•ื‘ืœื™ืŸ; ืื™ื ื–ืœืขืŸ: ืจืขืงื™ืึทื•ื•ื™ืง; ืœืึทื˜ื•ื•ื™ืึท: ืจื™ื’ืึท; ืœื™ื›ื˜ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ: Vaduz; ืœื™ื˜ืข: ื•ื•ื™ืœื ืข; ืœื•ืงืกืขืžื‘ื•ืจื’: ืœื•ืงืกืขืžื‘ื•ืจื’; ืžืึทืœื˜ืึท: ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึทืœืœืขื˜ื˜ืึท; ืžืึธืœื“ืึธื•ื•ืึท: ื˜ืฉื™ืกื™ื ืึทื•; ืžืึธื ืึทืงืึธ: ืžืึธื ืึทืงืึธ; ืžืึธื ื˜ืขื ืขื’ืจืึธ: ืคึผืึธื“ื’ืึธืจื™ืงืึท; ื ืึธืจื•ื•ื™ื™ึท: ืึธืกืœืึธ; ื ืขื˜ื”ืขืจืœืึทื ื“ืก: ืึทืžืกื˜ืขืจื“ืึทื; ืคึผืึธืœืึธื ื™ืึท: ื•ื•ืืจืฉืข; ืคึผืึธืจื˜ื•ื’ืึทืœ: ืœื™ืกื‘ืืŸ; ืคึฟืึทืจืื™ื™ื ื™ืงื˜ืข ืžืœื›ื•ืช: ืœืึธื ื“ืึธืŸ; ืจืขืคึผื•ื‘ื‘ืœื™ืงืึท ืกืขืงืึท: ืคึผืจืึทื’ืึท; ืจืขืคื•ื‘ืœื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึทืกืขื“ืึธื ื™ืึท: ืกืงืึธืคึผื“ื–ืฉืข; ืจื•ืžืขื ื™ืข: ื‘ื•ืงืืจืขืฉื˜; ืกืึทืŸ ืžืึทืจื™ื ืึธ: ืกืึทืŸ ืžืึทืจื™ื ืึธ; ืกืขืจื‘ื™ืข: ื‘ืขืœื’ืจืึทื“; ืฉื•ื•ืขื“ืŸ: ืกื˜ืึธืงื›ืึธืœื; ืกื•ื•ื™ื–ื–ืขืจืึท: ืœื•ื’ืึทื ืึธ, ืงืึทื ื˜ืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ืกื™ื ืึธ, Bellinzona, ืœืึธืงืึทืจื ืึธ, ืžืขื ื“ืจื™ืกื™ืึธ, noise, ื‘ืขืจืŸ; ื•ืงืจืึทื™ื ืึท: ืงื™ึดืขื•ื•; ืึธื ืœื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื‘ ืึทื’ืขื ื˜ื•ืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื–ื™ืข, ืึทืคื’ื”ืึทื ื™ืกื˜ืึทืŸ: ืงืึทื‘ื•ืœ;
ืกืื•ื“ื™ืข ืืจืื‘ื™ืข : Riyadh; ืึทืจืžืขื ื™ืึท: ืขืจืขื•ื•ืึทืŸ; ืึทื–ืขืจื‘ื™ื™ื“ื–ืฉืึทืŸ: ื‘ืึทืงื•; ื‘ืึทื”ืจืึทื™ืŸ: ืžืึทื ืึทืžืึท; ื‘ืึทื ื’ืœืึทื“ืขืฉ: ื“ืึทืงืึท; Bhutan: ื˜ื”ื™ืžืคื•; ื‘ื•ืจืžืึท: ื ื™ื™ึทืคึผื™ื™ื“ืึทื•ื•; ื‘ืจื•ื ื™ื™: ื‘ืึทื ื“ืึทืจ ืกืขืจื™ ื‘ืขื’ืึทื•ื•ืึทืŸ; ืงืึทืžื‘ืึธื“ื™ืึท: ืคื ืึธื ืคึผืขืŸ; ื˜ืฉื™ื™ื ืึท: ื‘ืขื™ื“ื–ืฉื™ื ื’; ื ืืจื˜ ืงืืจื™ืขื : ืคึผื™ืึธื ื’ื™ืึทื ื’; ื“ืจื•ื ืงืืจืขืข: ื‘ืœื•ื™ื–; ืคืืจื™ื™ื ื™ืงื˜ืข ืึทืจืึทื‘ืขืจ ืขืžื™ืจืึทื˜ืขืก: ืื‘ื• ื“ื”ืึทื‘ื™; ืคื™ืœื™ืคื™ื ืขืŸ: ืžืึทื ื™ืœืึท; ื“ื–ืฉืึธืจื“ื–ืฉืึท: ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื™ืกื™; ื™ืืคืืŸ: ื˜ืึธืงื™ืึธ; ื™ืืจื“ืื ื™ืข: ืึทืžืึทืŸ; ื™ื ื“ื™ืึท: ื ื™ื• ื“ืขืœื™; ืื™ื ื“ืื ืขื–ื™ืข: ื“ื–ืฉืึทืงืึทืจื˜ืึท; ืื™ืจืืŸ: ื˜ืขื”ืขืจืึทืŸ; ื™ืจืึทืง: ื‘ืึทื’ื“ืึทื“; ื™ืฉืจืืœ: ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื; ืงืึทื–ืึทืงืกื˜ืึทืŸ: ืึทืกื˜ืึทื ืึท; ืงื™ืจื’ื™ื–ื™ืข: ื‘ื™ืฉืงืขืง; ืงื•ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜: ืžืึทื“ื™ื ืึทื˜ ืขืœ-ืงื•ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜; ืœืึทืึธืก: ื•ื•ื™ืขื ื˜ื™ืึทื ืข; ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ: ื‘ื™ื™ืจื•ื˜; ืžืึทืœื“ื™ื•ื•ืขืก: Malรฉ; ืžืืœื™ื™ื–ื™ืข: ืงื•ืึทืœืึท ืœื•ืžืคึผื•ืจ; ืžืึธื ื’ืึธืœื™ืึท: Ulan Bator; ื ืขืคึผืึทืœ: ืงืึทื˜ื”ืžืึทื ื“ื•; ืื•ืžืืŸ: ืžืึทืกืงืึทื˜ืข; ืคึผืึทืงื™ืกื˜ืึทืŸ: ื™ืกืœืึทืžืึทื‘ืึทื“; ืคืืœืขืกื˜ื™ื ืข: ืžื–ืจื— ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื; ืงืึทื˜ืึทืจ: ื“ืึธื”ืึท; ืกื™ื ื’ืึทืคึผืึธืจ : ืกื™ื ื’ืึทืคึผืึธืจ; ืกื™ืจื™ืข: ื“ืžืฉืง; ืกืจื™ ืœืื ืงื : ืกืจื™ ื“ื–ืฉื™ื™ืึทื•ื•ืึทืจื“ืขื ืึทืคึผื•ืจืึท ืงืึธื˜ื˜ืข; ื˜ืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ืงื™ืกื˜ืึทืŸ: ื“ื•ืฉืึทื ื‘ืข; ื˜ื™ื™ื•ื•ืึทืŸ: ื˜ื™ื™ืคึผื™ื™; ื˜ื™ื™ืœืึทื ื“: ื‘ืึทื ื’ืงืึธืง; ื˜ืขืจืงื™ื™: ืึทื ืงืึทืจืึท; ื˜ื•ืจืงืžืขื ื™ืกื˜ืึทืŸ: ืึทืกื’ืึทื‘ืึทื˜; ืื•ื–ื‘ืขืงื™ืกื˜ืึทืŸ: ื˜ืึทืฉืงืขื ื˜; ื•ื•ื™ืขื˜ื ืึทื: ื›ืึทื ื•ื™; ื™ืขืžืขืŸ: ืกืึทื ืึท; ืึธื ืœื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื‘ ืึทื’ืขื ื˜ื•ืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืืคืจื™ืงืข, ืึทืœื“ื–ืฉื™ืจื™ืึท: ืึทืœื’ืขืจืก; ืึทื ื’ืึธืœืึท: ืœื•ืึทื ื“ืึท; ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ: ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ; ื‘ืึธืฆื•ื•ืึทื ืึท: ื’ืึทื‘ืึธืจืึธื ืข; ื‘ื•ืจืงื™ื ืึท ืคืึทืกืึธ: Ouagadougou; ื‘ื•ืจื•ื ื“ื™: ื‘ื•ื“ื–ืฉื•ืžื‘ื•ืจืึท; ืงืึทืžืขืจื•ืŸ: ื™ืื•ื ื“ืข; ืงืขืค ื•ื•ืขืจื“ืข: Praia; ื˜ืฉืึทื“: ื 'ื“ื“ื–ืฉืึทืžืขื ืึท; ืงืึธืžืึธืจืึธืก: ืžืึธืจืึธื ื™; ื”ืขืœืคืึทื ื“ื‘ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึธื•ืกื˜: ื™ืึทืžืึธื•ืกืกืึธื•ืงืจืึธ; ืžืฆืจื™ื: ืงืึทื™ืจืึธ; ืขืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื™ืึท: ืึทืกืžืึทืจืึท; ืขื˜ื™ืืคื™ืข: ืึทื“ื“ื™ืก ืึทื‘ืขื‘ืึท; ื’ืึทื‘ืึธืŸ: ืœื™ื‘ืจืขื•ื•ื™ืœืœืข; ื’ืืžื‘ื™ืข: Banjul; ื’ืึทื ืึท: ืึทืงืงืจืึท; ื“ื–ืฉื™ื‘ื•ื˜ื™: ื“ื–ืฉื™ื‘ื•ื˜ื™; ื’ื™ื ื™: Conakry; ื’ื™ื ื™-ื‘ื™ืกืกืึทื•: ื‘ื™ืกืกืึทื•; ืขืงื•ื•ืึทื˜ืึธืจื™ืึทืœ ื’ื™ื ื™: Malabo; ืงืขื ื™ืึท: ื ื™ื™ืจืึธื•ื‘ื™; ืœืขืกืึธื˜ื”ืึธ: ืžืึทืกืขืจื•; ืœื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืึท: ืžืึธื ืจืึธื•ื•ื™ืึท; ืœื™ื‘ื™ืข: ื˜ืจื™ืคึผืึธืœื™; ืžืึทื“ืึทื’ืึทืกืงืึทืจ: Antananarivo; ืžืืœืื•ื•ื™: ืœื™ืœืึธื ื’ื•ื•ืข; ืžืึทืœื™: ื‘ืึทืžืึทืงืึธ; ืžืึทื•ืจื™ื˜ืึทื ื™ืึท: ืžืึทื•ืจื™ื˜ืึทื ื™ืึท; ืžืึทื•ืจื™ื˜ื™ื•ืก: ืคึผืึธืจื˜ ืœื•ื™; ืžืึธืจืึธืงืงืึธ: ืจืึทื‘ืึทื˜; ืžืึธื–ืึทืžื‘ื™ืง: ืžืึทืคึผื•ื˜ืึธ; ื ืึทืžื™ื‘ื™ืึท: Windhoek; ื ื™ื’ืขืจ: Niamey; ื ื™ื’ืขืจื™ืข: ืึทื‘ื•ื“ื–ืฉืึท; ืกืขื ื˜ืจืึทืœ ืืคืจื™ืงืื ืขืจ ืจืขืคื•ื‘ืœื™ืง: ื‘ืึทื ื’ื•ื™; ืจืขืคื•ื‘ืœื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธื ื’ืึธ: ื‘ืจืึทื–ื–ืึทื•ื•ื™ืœืœืข; ื“ืขืžืึธืงืจืึทื˜ื™ืฉ ืจืขืคื•ื‘ืœื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธื ื’ืึธ: ืงื™ื ืฉืึทืก

ืžื™ืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ื™:

ืึธื ืœื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื‘ ืึทื’ืขื ื˜ื•ืจ ืื™ื– ืึท ืงืึธืœืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืึทื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ. ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื’ืขืœืขืจื ื˜ืขืจ. ืžื™ืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืจื™ืžืึธื•ื˜ ืึธืจืึทืงืœืข ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ืึทืกืข ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืคืึธืจืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ ืึทื•ืฆืึธืจืกื™ื ื’ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ืึทืกืข.

ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืกืคึผืขืฉืึทืœืึทืกืฅ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ืคื™ืจืŸ ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ื˜ืึทืกืงืก ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืจืขื’ื•ืœืขืจ Oracle DBA:

  • ืึธืจืึทืงืœืข ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจื•ื ื’, ืงืึทื ืคื™ื’ื™ืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื™ืฉืึทืœื˜ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ืึทืกืข;
  • ืงืึธื ืคื™ื’ื•ืจืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ื‘ืึทืงืึทืคึผ ืื•ืŸ ืึทื“ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืจืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก
  • ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืงืกืขืก ืžืึทื ืึทื’ืขืžืขื ื˜, ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื•ื“ื™ืฅ;
  • ืงืึทื ืคื™ื’ื™ืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื™ืฉืึทืœื˜ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ืœืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ ืงืึทื ืคื™ื’ื™ืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ (ืจืึทืง, ืกื˜ืึทื ื“ื‘ื™ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืึท ื’ืึทืจื“);
  • ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ื˜ื•ื ื™ื ื’, SQL ืื•ืŸ PL/SQL ื˜ื•ื ื™ื ื’;
  • ืฉืจืขืง: ืžืึธื ื™ื˜ืึธืจื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึทืœื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก;
  • ื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ืึทืกืข: ืึธืคึผื–ื•ืš ืคึผืœืึทื ื™ืจื•ื ื’;
  • ืึทื“ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืจืึทืฆื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ืžืึธื ื™ื˜ืึธืจื™ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืงืขื“ื–ืฉื•ืœื“ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืึทื–;

ืžื™ื˜ ืจื™ืžืึธื•ื˜ ื“ื‘ืึท ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืื™ืจ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ:

  • ืคึผืจื™ื™ึทื– ืขืคืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืคึผืขืจ ืœื™ื™ื–ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึทื“ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืจืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก;
  • ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื™ืงืกืคึผื™ืจื™ืึทื ืกื˜ ื“ื‘ืึท ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ืœืึธื–ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจืžืข ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึทืกื˜ ืึธืจืึทืงืœืข ื•ื•ืขืœื˜;
  • ืคึผืจืึธืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก ืึธืจืึทืงืึทืœื–;
  • ืฉื ืขืœ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึธืจืึทืงืœืข ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ืึทืกืข;
  • ืงืึทื ืกืึทืœื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ื ืกื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทืจืงืึทื˜ืขืงืฅ, ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจืก ืื•ืŸ ืึทื“ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืจืึทื˜ืึธืจืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืžืึทืœ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืจืึทืงืœืข ืคึฟืขื™ึดืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ืึทืกืข ืื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึทื–ื ื•ื•ืึทืจื’ ืึทืจืงืึทื˜ืขืงื˜ืฉืขืจ;

ื“ืขืจ ืกืขืึธ Stefano Fantin ื”ืื˜ ื’ืขืœืขืจื ื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืงื•ืจ ืงืึธื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ DBMS Postgresql ืคึฟื•ืŸ Postgresql ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข 8 ื‘ื™ื– Postgresql 9.5, ืžื™ืจ ื™ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ื•ื“ ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข 10 ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข 11 ืื™ื– ืืจื•ื™ืก Postgresql 12 ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข. ืึธื ืœื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื‘ ืึทื’ืขื ื˜ื•ืจ ืื™ื– ื™ื ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ื™ื ื’ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึธืจืฉื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ Postgresql 13.

ืจื™ืžืึธื•ื˜ ื“ื‘ืึท POSTGRESQL:

ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ ื“ื‘ืึท Postgresql 8.0: PITR, ื˜ืึทื‘ืœืขืกืคึผื™ื™ืกืึทื–, Windows ืกื•ืคึผืคึผืึธืจื˜, ืกืึทื•ื•ืขืคึผืึธื™ื ืฅ
ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ ื“ื‘ืึท Postgresql 8.1: ื˜ื™ืฉ ืคึผืึทืจื˜ื™ืฉืึทื ื™ื ื’, ื‘ื™ื˜ืžืึทืคึผ ืกืงืึทื ื–, ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™-ืคืึทืกืข ืงืึทืžื™ืฅ, ืึทื•ื˜ืึธื•ื•ืึทืงื•ื•ื
ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ ื“ื‘ืึท Postgresql 8.2: ื•ื•ืึทืจืขื ืกื˜ืึทื ื“ื‘ื™ื™, ืกืงืœ 2003, ืงืึทื ืงืขืจืึทื ื˜ ื™ื ื“ืขืงืก ื‘ื™ืœื“ื–, ื“ื–ืฉื™ืŸ ื™ื ื“ืขืงืกื™ื–
ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ ื“ื‘ืึท Postgresql 8.3: ื”ื™ื™ืก ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ืงื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืึทืกื™ื ื˜ืฉืจืึธื ืึธื•ืก ื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื‘ืŸ, ืงืกืžืœ, ืคื•ืœื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ื–ื•ื›ืŸ, ื“ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ื“ ื˜ืฉืขืงืคึผื•ื™ื ืฅ
ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ ื“ื‘ืึท Postgresql 8.4: Windows ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ื–, CTEs, ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ืึทืกืข ืงืึธืœืœืึทื˜ื™ืึธื ืก, ืคึผืขืจ-ืงืึธืœืึทื ื“ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉ
ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ ื“ื‘ืึท Postgresql 9.0: ื”ื™ื™ืก ืกื˜ืึทื ื“ื‘ื™ื™, ืกื˜ืจื™ืžื™ื ื’ ืจืขืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ, ื–ื™ื™ึทืœ ื˜ืจื™ื’ืขืจื–, ืงืึทื ื“ื™ืฉืึทื ืึทืœ ื˜ืจื™ื’ืขืจื–, ื”ืกื˜ืึธืจืข
ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ ื“ื‘ืึท Postgresql 9.1: ืกื™ื ื˜ืฉืจืึธื ืึธื•ืก ืจืขืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ, Writable CTEs, Extension, Foreign Data Wrappers, Unlogged tables, Serialisable Snapshot Isolation, Column Collations
ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ ื“ื‘ืึท Postgresql 9.2: ืงืึทืกืงืึทื“ื™ื ื’ ืจืขืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ, ื™ื ื“ืขืงืก-ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืกืงืึทื ื–, pg_stat_statements, Json, Ranges
ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ ื“ื‘ืึท Postgresql 9.3: ืจื™ื™ื˜ืึทื‘ืึทืœ ืคืจืขืžื“ ื“ืึทื˜ืึท ืจืึทืคึผืขืจื–, ืžืึทื˜ื™ืจื™ืึทืœื™ื™ื–ื“ ืงื•ืงืŸ, JSON ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ื– ืื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผืขืจื™ื™ื˜ืขืจื–, ืœืึทื˜ืขืจืึทืœ
ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ ื“ื‘ืึท Postgresql 9.4: ืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ืงืึทืœ ืจืขืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ, ืจืขืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืกืœืึธืฅ, JSONB -> GIN (ื’ืขื ืขืจืึทืœื™ื–ืขื“ ื™ื ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ื™ื“ ืื™ื ื“ืขืงืก), ืกืงืึทืœืึทื‘ื™ืœื™ื˜ื™: ืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ืงืึทืœ ื“ื™ืงืึธื•ื“ื™ื ื’
ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ ื“ื‘ืึท Postgresql 9.5: UPSERT, ืจืึธื•ื•-ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜, ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ืึทืœื™ื˜ื™ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื“ืึทื˜ืึท: BRIN ืื™ื ื“ืขืงืก, ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทื ื’ืขืจื•ืคึฟืŸ "ืงื™ื– ืึทื‘ืจื™ื•ื•ื™ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“", ืงื•ื‘, ROLLUP, ืื•ืŸ GROUPING SET, TABLESAMPLE, Foreign Data Wrappers (FDW)

ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ ื“ื‘ืึท Postgresql 9.6: ืกืงืึทืœืข ืึทืจื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื•ืจืš ืคึผืึทืจืึทืœืขืœ ืงื•ื•ื™ืจื™ื–, ืกืงืึทืœืข ืื•ื™ืก ื“ื•ืจืš ืกื™ื ื˜ืฉืจืึธื ืึธื•ืก ืจืขืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ 'postgres_fdw', ื™ืžืคึผืจื•ื•ื•ื“ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืคืจืึทืกืขืก. ืคึผืึทืจืึทืœืขืœ ืึธื ืคึฟืจืขื’: ืคึผืึทืจืึทืœืขืœ ืกืึทืงื•ื•ืขื ื˜ืฉืึทืœ ืกืงืึทื ื–, ืคึผืึทืจืึทืœืขืœ ื“ื–ืฉื•ื™ื ืฅ, ืคึผืึทืจืึทืœืขืœ ืึทื’ื’ืจืขื’ืึทืฅ.
ื˜ืจืึทื ื–ืึทืงืฉืึทื ื–, ื•ื•ืึทืงื•ื•ื ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื–ืึทื‘ื™ืœื™ื˜ื™ ืžืึทืคึผืข: pg_visibility ืคืึทืจืœืขื ื’ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื•ื•ื™ื–ืึทื‘ื™ืœื™ื˜ื™ ืžืึทืคึผืก, ืคืึทืจืคืจื•ื™ืจืŸ ื‘ืœืึทื˜ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื–ืึทื‘ื™ืœื™ื˜ื™ ืžืึทืคึผืข ืคึฟืึทืจ ืกืงื™ืคึผื™ื ื’ ื•ื•ืึทืงื•ื•ื ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืคืจื•ื™ืจืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ, ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ-ื“ื™ืคื™ื™ื ื“ ืขืงืกืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืกื ืึทืคึผืฉืึทืฅ ืฆื• ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœื™ืจืŸ ื˜ื™ืฉ ื‘ืœืึธื•ื˜ื™ื ื’. ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืžืึธื ื™ื˜ืึธืจื™ื ื’:
ื“ื™ื˜ื™ื™ืœื“ ื•ื•ืึทืจื˜ืŸ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืื™ืŸ pg_stat_activity, ื™ื ื“ืขืงืก-ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืกืงืึทื ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคึผืึทืจื˜ื™ื™ื™ืฉ ื™ื ื“ืขืงืกื™ื–, ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ื™ืžืคึผืจื•ื•ื•ืžืึทื ืฅ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคื•ื ื“ืจื•ื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ืกืึธืจื˜ ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–. ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืงื•ืงืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึทื“ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืจืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ: ื ื™ื™ึท ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’ pg_config, pg_blocking_pids, ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ื– pg_get_* ืฆื• ืฆื•ืจื™ืงืงื•ืžืขืŸ NULL ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคืึทืจืงืจื™ืคึผืœื˜
ืึทื‘ื“ื–ืฉืขืงืฅ, pg_notification_queue_usage ืฆื• ืงื•ืงืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึธื ื–ืึธื’ ืจื™ื™. ื‘ืึทืงืึทืคึผืก: pg_basebackup ืขืงืกื˜ืขื ื“ืขื“ ืžื™ื˜ ืจืขืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืกืœืึธืฅ, ื ื™ื• ืึทืคึผื™ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื”ื™ื™ืก ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช ื‘ืึทืงืึทืคึผืก. ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืคึฟืขื™ึดืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ: ื‘ืึทืคึฟืขืœืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืขืก ืจื™ืคึผืึธืจื˜ื™ื ื’, ื“ื–ืฉืึทื ืขืจื™ืง WAL ืžืขื›ื™ืจืขืก, ื˜ืจื™ื’ืึธื ืึธืžืขื˜ืจื™ืง ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื’ืจื™ื–.


ืžื™ืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ ื“ื‘ืึท MySql ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ ื“ื‘ืึท ืžืึทืจื™ืึท ื“ื‘. ืื•ื ื– ื–ืขืžื™ืจ Data Scientist ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืœื™ื‘ืข ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืึทื˜ืข. ืžื™ืจ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก Oracle ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืขืงืกืคึผืขืจืฅ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก ืึทื“ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืจืึทื˜ืึธืจ MySQL / MariaDB. ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึท ืงืึธืœืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืึทื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ. ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื’ืขืœืขืจื ื˜ืขืจ. ืžื™ืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืจื™ืžืึธื•ื˜ MySQL ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ืึทืกืข ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ ื“ื‘ืึท MariaDB ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืคืึธืจืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ ืึทื•ืฆืึธืจืกื™ื ื’ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ืึทืกืข. ืื™ืš ื“ืึทื˜ืข ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื•ื™ืžืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ึท ืžืึทืœืขื ื™ืึทื, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืžื™ืจ ื™ื ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ื™ืจืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืœื˜ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืงื•ื•ืึทืœื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืคืืจื•ื•ืืก ื dato ื ื™ื˜-ืงื•ื•ืึทืœื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืื™ื– ืึท ืงืึธืกื˜ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืจืžืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ืงืึธืกื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ. ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ ื“ื‘ืึท ืขืงืกืคึผืขืจืฅ | ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ ื“ื‘ืึท ื‘ืึทื“ื™ื ื•ื ื’ืก | ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ืึทืกืข ืึทื“ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืจืึทื˜ืึธืจ | ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ ื“ื‘ืึท | ืกื˜ืขืคืึทื ืึธ ืคืึทื ื˜ื™ืŸ.

ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืกืคึผืขืฉืึทืœืึทืกืฅ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ืคื™ืจืŸ ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ื˜ืึทืกืงืก ื•ื•ื™ ืจืขื’ื•ืœืขืจ MySQL DBA ืื•ืŸ MariaDB DBA:

  • ื™ื™ึทื ืžืึธื ื˜ื™ืจื•ื ื’, ืงืึทื ืคื™ื’ื™ืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื™ืฉืึทืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ MySQL / MariaDB ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ืึทืกืข;
  • ืงืึธื ืคื™ื’ื•ืจืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ื‘ืึทืงืึทืคึผ ืื•ืŸ ืึทื“ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืจืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก
  • ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืงืกืขืก ืžืึทื ืึทื’ืขืžืขื ื˜, ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื•ื“ื™ืฅ;
  • ืงืึทื ืคื™ื’ื™ืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื™ืฉืึทืœื˜ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ืœืึทื‘ื™ืœื™ื˜ื™ ืงืึทื ืคื™ื’ื™ืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ;
  • ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ื˜ื•ื ื™ื ื’ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ;
  • ืฉืจืขืง: ืžืึธื ื™ื˜ืึธืจื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึทืœื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก;
  • ื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ืึทืกืข: ืึธืคึผื–ื•ืš ืคึผืœืึทื ื™ืจื•ื ื’;
  • ืึทื“ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืจืึทืฆื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ืžืึธื ื™ื˜ืึธืจื™ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืงืขื“ื–ืฉื•ืœื“ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืึทื–;

ืžื™ื˜ ืจื™ืžืึธื•ื˜ ื“ื‘ืึท ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืื™ืจ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ:

  • ืคึผืจื™ื™ึทื– ืขืคืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืคึผืขืจ ืœื™ื™ื–ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึทื“ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืจืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก;
  • ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื™ืงืกืคึผื™ืจื™ืึทื ืกื˜ ื“ื‘ืึท ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ืœืึธื–ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจืžืข ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ;
  • ืคึผืจืึธืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก MySQL / MariaDB;
  • ืฉื ืขืœ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ MySQL / MariaDB ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ืึทืกืข;
  • ืงืึทื ืกืึทืœื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ื ืกื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทืจืงืึทื˜ืขืงืฅ, ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจืก ืื•ืŸ ืึทื“ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืจืึทื˜ืึธืจืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืžืึทืœ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ MySQL ืคึฟืขื™ึดืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ืึทืกืข ืื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึทื–ื ื•ื•ืึทืจื’ ืึทืจืงืึทื˜ืขืงื˜ืฉืขืจ;

ืึทื•ืฆืึธืจืกื™ื ื’ ืึทืœืึทื•ื–:

  • ืคึผืจื™ื™ึทื– ืขืคืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืคึผืขืจ ืœื™ื™ื–ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึทื“ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืจืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก;
  • ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื™ืงืกืคึผื™ืจื™ืึทื ืกื˜ ื“ื‘ืึท ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ืœืึธื–ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจืžืข ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ;
  • ืคึผืจืึธืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก MySQL / MariaDB;
  • ืฉื ืขืœ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ MySQL / MariaDB ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ืึทืกืข;
  • ืงืึทื ืกืึทืœื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ื ืกื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทืจืงืึทื˜ืขืงืฅ, ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจืก ืื•ืŸ ืึทื“ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืจืึทื˜ืึธืจืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืžืึทืœ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ MySQL ืคึฟืขื™ึดืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ืึทืกืข ืื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึทื–ื ื•ื•ืึทืจื’ ืึทืจืงืึทื˜ืขืงื˜ืฉืขืจ.

ืžื™ืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื˜ืึทืœื™ืขื ื™ืฉ ืžืึทืจืง

ืžื™ืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื•ื•ื™ื ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืœืึทืŸ : ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคืขื˜, ืึทืœื‘ืึทื™ืจืึทื˜ืข, ืึทืจืงืึธื ืึทื˜ืข, ืึทืจืขืกืข, ืึทืจืœื•ื ืึธ, ืึทืกืกืึทื’ืึธ, ื‘ืึทืจืึทื ื–ืึทื˜ืข, ื‘ืึทืจืขื’ื’ื™ืึธ, ื‘ืึทืกื™ืึทื ืึธ, Basiglio, Bellinzago Lombardo, ื‘ืขืจื ืึทื˜ืข ื˜ื™ืกื™ื ืึธ, ื‘ืขืกืึทื˜ืข, ื‘ื™ื ืึทืกืงืึธ, ื‘ืึธืคืคืึทืœืึธืจืึท ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื˜ื™ืกื™ื ืึธ , ื‘ืจืึทื ื“ื™ื“, ื‘ืจืขืกืึธ, ื‘ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ืึทื ืึธ, ื‘ื•ืงืกื™ื ืึทืกืงืึธ, ื–ื•ื›ืŸ, ืื™ืš ืงืœืึทืคึผ, ื‘ืึทืกื˜ ื’ืึทืจืึธืœืคืึธ, ืงืึทืœื•ื•ื™ื’ื ืึทืกืงืึธ, ืงืึทืžื‘ื™ืึทื’ืึธ, ืงืึทื ืขื’ืจืึทื˜ืข, ืงืึทืจืคึผื™ืึทื ืึธ, ืงืึทืจืึทื’ืึทื˜ืข, ืงืึทืกืึทืจื™ืœืข, Casorezzo, Cassano d'Adda, Cassina de 'Pecchi, Cassinetta ืคื•ืŸ Lugagnano, ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืจื•ื™ืŸ, Cernusco sul Naviglio, Cerro al Lambro, Cerro Major, Cesano Boscone, Cesate,ืกื™ื ื™ืกืขืœืœืึธ ื‘ืึทืœื–ืึทื, ืกื™ืกืœื™ืึทื ืึธ, ืงืึธืœืึธื’ื ืึธ ืžืึธื ื–ืขืกืข, ื”ืึธื“ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, ืงืึธืจื‘ืขื˜ืึท, ืงืึธืจืžืึทื ืึธ, Cornaredo, ืงืึธืจืกื™ืงืึธ, Cuggiono, Cusago, Cusano Milanino, ื“ืึทื™ืจืึทื’ืึธ, ื“ืจืขื–ืึทื ืึธ, ื’ืึทื’ื’ื™ืึทื ืึธ, ื’ืึทืจื‘ืึทื’ื ืึทื˜ืข ืžื™ืœืึทื ืขืกืข, ืคึผื™ื ืกื˜ืจื™ืคึผืก, ื’ืึธืจื’ืึธื ื–ืึธืœืึท, Grezzago, Gudo Visconti, ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ, Inzago, ืœืึทืงืฉื™ืึทืจืขืœืœืึท, ืœืึทื ื™ืึทื˜ืข, ืœืขื’ื ืึทื ืึธ, ืœื™ืกืงืึทื˜ืข, ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจื™ื•ืœื–ื™, ืžืึทื’ืขื ื˜ืึท, ืžืึทื’ื ืึทื’ืึธ, Marcallo ืžื™ื˜ Casone, ืžืึทืกืึทื˜ืข, ืžืขื“ื™ื’ืœื™ืึท, Melegnano, ืžืขืœื–ืึธ, ืงืขืœื ืขืจ, ืžื™ืœืึทืŸ, ืžืึธืจื™ืžืึธื ื“ืึธ, Motta Visconti, ื ืขืจื•ื•ื™ืึทื ืึธ, ื ืึธืกืึทื˜ืข, ื ืึธื•ื•ืึทื˜ืข ืžื™ืœืึทื ืขืกืข, ื ืึธื•ื•ื™ื’ืœื™ืึธ, ืึธืคึผืขืจืข, ืึธืกืกืึธื ืึท, Ozzero, Paderno Dugnano, ืคึผืึทื ื˜ื™ื’ืœื™ืึทื˜ืข, ืคึผืึทืจืึทื‘ื™ืึทื’ืึธ, Paullo, ื‘ืึทืจื ืข, ื‘ืึธืจืจืึธืžืขืึทืŸ ืคื™ืฉ ืกื˜ืึทื•ื•, Pessano ืžื™ื˜ Bornago, ืคื™ื™ืข ืขืžื ื•ืืœ, Pioltello, Pogliano Milanese, ื ื• ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื“ื“ืึท, Pozzuolo Martesana, Pregnana Milanese, ืจืขืกืงืึทืœื“ื™ื ืึท, RHO, Robecchetto ืžื™ื˜ ื™ื ื“ื•ื ืึธ, ืจืึธื‘ืขืงืึธ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ Naviglio, Rhone, Rosรฉ, ืจืึธื–ื–ืึทื ืึธ, ืกืึทืŸ ืงืึธืœืึธืžื‘ืึทื ืึธ ืขืœ ืœืึทืžื‘ืจืึธ, ืกืึทืŸ ื“ืึธื ืึทื˜ืึธ ืžื™ืœืึทื ืขืกืข, ืกืึทืŸ ื’ื™ืึธืจื’ื™ืึธ ืกื• ืœืขื’ื ืึทื ืึธ, ืกืึทืŸ ื’ื™ื•ืœื™ืึทื ืึธ ืžื™ืœืึทื ืขืกืข, ืกืึทืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื˜ื˜ืึธืจืข ืึธืœืึธื ืึท, ืกืึทืŸ ื–ืขื ืึธื ืข ืขืœ ืœืึทืžื‘ืจืึธ, ืกืึทื ื˜ืึธ ืกื˜ืขืคืึทื ืึธ ื˜ื™ืกื™ื ืึธ, ืกืขื“ืจื™ืึทื ืึธ, ืกืขื’ืจื™ื™ื˜, ืกืขื ืึทื’ืึธ, ืกืขืกื˜ืึธ ืกืึทืŸ ื“ื–ืฉืึทื•ื•ืึทื ื™, ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืขืก ืึทืจื•ื™ืฃ, ื–ื™ื‘ืขื˜ืขืจ ืžื™ืœืึทื ืขืกืข, ืกืึธืœืึทืจืึธ, ื˜ืจืขื–ืึทื ืึธ ืจื•ื™ื–, Trezzano sul Naviglio, Trezzo sull'Adda, ื˜ืจื™ื‘ื™ืึทื ืึธ, ื–ื™ื™ ืžืึทื›ืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ื˜ื•ืจื‘ื™ื’ืึธ, ื•ื•ืึทื ื–ืึทื’ื”ืขืœืœืึธ, ื•ื•ืึทื ื–ืึทื’ืึธ, Vaprio d'Adda, ื•ื•ืขืจืžืขื–ืึธ, ื•ื•ืขืจื ื™ื™ื˜, ื•ื•ื™ื’ื ื™ื™ื˜, ื•ื•ื™ืœืึท ืงืึธืจื˜ืขืกืข, ื•ื•ื™ืžืึธื“ืจืึธื ืข, Vittuone, Vizzolo Predabissi, ื–ืขืœืึธ ืกื•ืจื™ื’ืึธื ืข, ื–ื™ื‘ื™ื“ืึธ ืกืึทืŸ ื’ื™ืึทืงืึธืžืึธ.

ืžื™ืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ื™:

ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืจื™ืžืึธื•ื˜ ื“ื‘ืึท ื‘ืึทื“ื™ื ื•ื ื’ืก

ืคึผืจืขืงื•ืจืกืึธืจืก ืื•ืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ (80 ืก - ืคืจื™ 90 ืก)

  • ื’ืขื‘ื•ืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ืึทืกืข ืึทื“ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืจืึทื˜ืึธืจ (DBA): ื“ื™ ืคื™ื’ื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ื‘ืึท ื™ืžืขืจื“ื–ืฉื“ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืึทื“ื•ื•ืขื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึทืœื˜ื•ื ื’ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ (DBMS) ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจืึธื•ื™ื ื’ ืงืึทืžืคึผืœืขืงืกื™ื˜ื™ ืคื•ืŸ IT ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ.
  • "ืื•ื™ืฃ-ืคึผืœืึทืฅ" ืึทื“ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืจืึทืฆื™ืข: ื“ื™ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ DBA ืื™ื– ื›ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืงืœื™ ืœื™ื ื’ืงื˜ ืฆื• ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช ืึทืงืกืขืก ืฆื• ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืกืขื ื˜ืขืจืก.
  • ืœื™ืžื™ื˜ืขื“ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื: ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ ืงืึทื ืขืงืฉืึทื ื– (ืœืžืฉืœ ืจืขื“ืœ-ืึทืจื•ื™ืฃ) ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึธืจืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืขืกื˜ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืคื•ืœืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึทืœื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก.

ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืกื˜ืขืคึผืก ืื•ืŸ ืฉืจืขืงืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืง ืึทื“ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืึธืŸ (ืžื™ื˜ืŸ 90 ืก - ืคืจื™ 2000 ืก)

  • ื˜ืขืงื ืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ืงืึทืœ ื™ืžืคึผืจื•ื•ื•ืžืึทื ืฅ: ื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ื‘ืึทื ื“ื•ื•ื™ื“ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืจื™ืœื™ื™ืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทื ืขืงืฉืึทื ื– ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขืฅ ื–ื™ื™ ืขืคืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื™ึท ืคึผืึทืกืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ.
  • ืจื™ืžืึธื•ื˜ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื: ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ื•ื•ืืจื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึทืœื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก, ืึธืคื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืžืึธื ื™ื˜ืึธืจื™ื ื’ ืงื™ื™ืคึผืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืึทืงืกืขืก ื“ื•ืจืš ื•ื•ืคึผืŸ.
  • ืคึผื™ื™ืึทื ื™ืจื– ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ ื“ื‘ืึท: ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข DBAs ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืกื˜ืึทืจื˜ื™ื ื’ ืฆื• ืคืึธืจืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ ื‘ืึทื“ื™ื ื•ื ื’ืก ื™ื ื“ื™ืคึผืขื ื“ืึทื ื˜ืœื™, ืึธืคื˜ ืคืึธื•ืงื™ืกื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฉ ื˜ืึทืกืงืก ืึธื“ืขืจ ืงืึทื ืกืึทืœื˜ืึทื ืกื™.
  • ืขืจืฉื˜ ื“ื™ืกื˜ืจืึทืกื˜: ืงืึธืžืคึผืึทื ื™ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ืจื™ืœืึทืงื˜ืึทื ื˜ ืฆื• ืขื ื˜ืจืึทืกื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึทืœื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ืฉื˜ืขืงืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ.

ืžืึทื˜ื•ืจืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึธื“ืขืœ (2000 - 2010)

  • ืึทื•ื•ืึทื ืกื™ืจื˜ืข ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื: ื“ืขื“ืึทืงื™ื™ื˜ืึทื“ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ื•ื•ืืจื’ ืื™ื– ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ ืึทื“ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืจืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก, ืžื™ื˜ ื™ื ืึทื’ืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื•ื•ืึทื ืกื™ืจื˜ืข ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ื˜ื™ื™ืคึผืก ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ื•ื•ื™ื™ืจืึทื ืžืึทื ืฅ.
  • ืึทื•ืฆืึธืจืกื™ื ื’: ืคื•ื ื“ืจื•ื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ืงืึธืžืคึผืึทื ื™ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ืงืึทื ืกืึทืœื˜ืึทื ืกื™ืขืก ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืคืึธืจืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ ื‘ืึทื“ื™ื ื•ื ื’ืก ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ ื“ื‘ืึท ืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจื“, ืึธืคื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ึท ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืงืขืจ ืงืึธืก ื•ื•ื™ ื”ื™ืจื™ื ื’ ืึทืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ.
  • ื’ืจืขืกืขืจ ืึทืงืกืขืคึผื˜ืึทื ืก: ืฆื•ื˜ืจื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึธื“ืขืœ ืื™ื– ื’ืจืึธื•ื™ื ื’ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ ื“ื‘ืึท, ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ื“ ืึทื– ืขืงืกืคึผืขืจื˜ื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ ืึทืงืกืขืก ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืขืคืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืึทื“ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืจืึทืฆื™ืข.

ืงืึทื ืกืึทืœืึทื“ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื™ืงืกืคึผืึทื ืฉืึทืŸ (ืคึฟื•ืŸ 2010 - ื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜)

  • ื•ื•ืึธืœืงืŸ ืงืึธืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ื™ื ื’: ื“ื™ ืึทื“ื•ื•ืขื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืœืงืŸ ืงืึทืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ื™ื ื’ (ืœืžืฉืœ AWS, Azure) ืžืื›ื˜ ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก ืฆื•ื˜ืจื™ื˜ืœืขืš ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืขืจื’ืขืฅ, ื™ืœื™ืžืึทื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ื ื•ื™ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช ืคึผืจืึทืงืกื™ืžืึทื˜ื™ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ DBA.
  • ืงืึธืœืœืึทื‘ืึธืจืึทื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื: ื˜ื™ืงืงืขื˜ื™ื ื’, ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขื ืงืึทื ืคืจืึทื ืกื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ืคึผืœืึทื˜ืคืึธืจืžืก ืคืึทืกื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ ื“ื‘ืึท ื˜ื™ืžื–.
  • ืงืื•ื•ื™ื“-19 ืคืื ื“ืขืžื™ืง: ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทื ื“ืขืžื™ืง ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจื™ื™ืฅ ื“ืจืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ืงืœื™ ื“ื™ ืึทื“ืึทืคึผืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ืึธืจื’ืึทื ืึทื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืฆื• ืึทื“ืึทืคึผื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืจื•ืžื ืขืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ ื“ื‘ืึท ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืขืคืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืžืึธื“ืขืœ.

ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคึฟื˜ ื˜ืฉืึทืœืึทื ื“ื–ืฉื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืขื ื“ืก

  • ื–ื™ื›ืขืจืงื™ื™ึทื˜: ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืขืจ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉ ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ ืึทื“ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืจืึทืฆื™ืข. ืงืึธืžืคึผืึทื ื™ืขืก ืžื•ื–ืŸ ื™ื ืกื˜ืจื•ืžืขื ื˜ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืึทืงืกืขืก, ืžืึธื ื™ื˜ืึธืจื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืกื™ื™ื‘ืขืจืกืขืงื•ืจื™ื˜ื™ ืกื˜ืจืึทื˜ืขื’ื™ืขืก ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉื™ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืข ืฉืคึผื™ืจืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืง.
  • ืคึฟื™ืจืžืข ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ: ืึธืจื’ืึทื ืึทื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืžื•ื–ืŸ ืึทื“ืึทืคึผื˜ ืฆื• ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜, ืคึผืจืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ื“ื™ื ื’ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ ื“ื‘ืึท ื˜ื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืึท ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื˜ืจื•ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜.
  • ื”ื™ื‘ืจื™ื“ ืžืึธื“ืขืœืก: ื”ื™ื‘ืจื™ื“ ืžืึธื“ืขืœืก, ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืžื™ืฉืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจื•ื•ืขื ื˜ืฉืึทื ื– ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึทืœื˜ื•ื ื’, ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืจื™ื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืœืึทืœ, ืึทื“ืึทืคึผื˜ื™ื ื’ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฉ ื‘ืื“ืขืจืคืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืคื™ืจืžืข.
  • ืึธื˜ืึทืžื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ: ืึทื•ื˜ืึธืžืึทื˜ื™ื ื’ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืจื™ืคึผืขื˜ื™ื˜ื™ื•ื• DBA ื˜ืึทืกืงืก ืงืขืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืกื˜ืจืึทื˜ื™ื“ื–ืฉื™ืง ื˜ืึทืกืงืก, ืึทื–ืึท ื•ื•ื™ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื”ืฉื’ื—ื”, ืคึผืœืึทื ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทื ืึทืœื™ืกื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืข.

ืกืึธืฃ

ื‘ืึทื“ื™ื ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ ื“ื‘ืึท ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื™ืงืกืคึผื™ืจื™ืึทื ืกื˜ ื’ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ื•ื•ื•ึผืงืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื“ืขืงืึทื“ืขืก. ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข, ื“ื™ ื ื•ื™ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ื’ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ positive ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจื•ื ื’ ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทื ื“ืขืžื™ืง ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืงืึทื ืกืึทืœืึทื“ื™ื™ื˜ืึทื“ ื“ืขื ืžืึธื“ืขืœ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื’ื™ืœื˜ื™ืง ืึธืœื˜ืขืจื ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื• ืฆื• ืึธื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ืขืจ ืึทื“ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืจืึทืฆื™ืข. ื“ื™ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคึฟื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ ื“ื‘ืึท ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืขืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจื™ื™ื–ื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ืงืขืกื™ื™ื“ืขืจื“ื™ืง ืขื•ื•ืึธืœื•ืฆื™ืข, ืžื™ื˜ ืึทื“ืึทืคึผื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืฆื• ื ื™ื™ึทืข ื˜ืขืงื ืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ื–, ื“ื™ ื ื•ื™ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขื•ื•ืึธืœื•ืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ืŸ.

ื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืจ

ื•ื•ืขื‘ ืึทื’ืขื ื˜ื•ืจ ืžื•ืžื—ื” ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืึทืœ ืžืึทืจืงืขื˜ื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืกืขืึธ | ืึธื ืœื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื‘ ืึทื’ืขื ื˜ื•ืจ

ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื™ืขื ืข ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ืึธืขื ื˜ ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืœื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–.

    0/5 (0 ืจืขืฆืขื ื–ื™ืขืก)
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    0/5 (0 ืจืขืฆืขื ื–ื™ืขืก)
              

    ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžืขืจ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืึธื ืœื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื‘ ืึทื’ืขื ื˜ื•ืจ

    ืึทื‘ืึธื ื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš E- ื‘ืจื™ื•ื•.

    ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืึทื•ื•ืึทื˜ืึทืจ
    ืึทื“ืžื™ืŸ ืกืขืึธ
    ๐Ÿ‘ ืึธื ืœื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื‘ ืึทื’ืขื ื˜ื•ืจ | ื•ื•ืขื‘ ืึทื’ืขื ื˜ื•ืจ ืžื•ืžื—ื” ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืึทืœ ืžืึทืจืงืขื˜ื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืกืขืึธ. ื•ื•ืขื‘ ืึทื’ืขื ื˜ื•ืจ ืึธื ืœื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ืึท ื•ื•ืขื‘ ืึทื’ืขื ื˜ื•ืจ. ืคึฟืึทืจ Agenzia ื•ื•ืขื‘ ืึธื ืœื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืึทืœ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืคืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืื™ื– ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ Iron SEO ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข 3. ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืึทืœื™ื˜ืขื˜ืŸ: ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ื™ื ื˜ืขื’ืจืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ, ืขื ื˜ืขืจืคึผืจื™ื™ื– ืึทืคึผืคึผืœื™ืงืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ื™ื ื˜ืขื’ืจืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ, ืกืขืจื•ื•ื™ืก ืึธืจื™ืขื ื˜ื™ื“ ืึทืจื˜ืฉื™ื˜ืขืงื˜ื•ืจืข, ืงืœืึธื•ื“ ืงืึทืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ื™ื ื’, ื“ืึทื˜ืึท ื•ื•ืขืจื›ืึทื•ืก, ื’ืขืฉืขืคื˜ ืกื™ื™ื›ืœ, ื‘ื™ื’ ื“ืึทื˜ืึท, ืคึผืึธืจื˜ืึทืœืก, ื™ื ื˜ืจืึทื ืฅ, ื•ื•ืขื‘ ืึทืคึผืคึผืœื™ืงืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืคึผืœืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึทืœื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืจื™ืœื™ื™ืฉืึทื ืึทืœ ืื•ืŸ ืžื•ืœื˜ื™ื“ื™ืžืขื ืกื™ืึธื ืึทืœ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืกื™ื– ื“ื™ื–ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืคื™ื™ืกื™ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืึทืœ ืžืขื“ื™ืข: ื•ืกืึทื‘ื™ืœื™ื˜ื™ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืจืึทืคื™ืงืก. ืึธื ืœื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื‘ ืึทื’ืขื ืกื™ ืคืึธืจืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ ืงืึธืžืคึผืึทื ื™ืขืก ื“ื™ ืคืืœื’ืขื ื“ืข ื‘ืึทื“ื™ื ื•ื ื’ืก: -ืกืขืึธ ืื•ื™ืฃ Google, ืึทืžืึทื–ืึธืŸ, ื‘ื™ื ื’, ื™ืึทื ื“ืขืงืก; - ื•ื•ืขื‘ ืึทื ืึทืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืก: Google Analytics, Google Tag Manager, Yandex Metrica; - ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ ืงืึทื ื•ื•ืขืจื–ืฉืึทื ื–: Google Analytics, Microsoft Clarity, Yandex Metrica; -SEM ืื•ื™ืฃ Google, Bing, Amazon Ads; - ืกืืฆื™ืืœ ืžืขื“ื™ืข ืžืึทืจืงืขื˜ื™ื ื’ (ืคืึทืกืขื‘ืึธืึธืง, ืœื™ื ืงืขื“ื™ืŸ, ื™ืึธื•ื˜ื•ื‘ืข, ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทื’ืจืึทื).
    ื–ืขืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ื‘ื™ืึธ
    ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืึทืœ ืžืึทืจืงืขื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ืึทืกืข DBMS ื“ืึทื˜ืข ื•ื•ืึทืจืขื”ืึธื•ืกืข ื“ืึทื˜ืึท ื•ื•ื™ืกื ืฉืึทืคึฟื˜ ืึธื ืœื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฆืข ืื™ื ืคืืจืžืืฆื™ืข ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข ื•ื•ืขื‘ ืึทื’ืขื ื˜ื•ืจ ื’ืึทื ืฆืข ืึทื’ืขื ื˜ื•ืจ ืึธืคึผื–ืขืฆืขืจื™ื™ึท
    ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขืš ื ืขืฅ ื™ื™ืงืึทืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขืš ื ืขืฅ ื™ื™ืงืึทืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขืš ื ืขืฅ ื™ื™ืงืึทืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขืš ื ืขืฅ ื™ื™ืงืึทืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขืš ื ืขืฅ ื™ื™ืงืึทืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขืš ื ืขืฅ ื™ื™ืงืึทืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขืš ื ืขืฅ ื™ื™ืงืึทืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขืš ื ืขืฅ ื™ื™ืงืึทืŸ
    ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืคืœื™ื ืง ืคึผืจื™ื•ื•ืึทื˜ืงื™ื™ื˜
    โœ•
    ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ื ื™ืฆื˜ ื˜ืขื›ื ื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธืคื™ืœื™ื ื’ ืงื™ื›ืœืขืš. ื“ื•ืจืš ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืึท ืงืœื™ืง ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึธื ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ื“ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืคึผืจืึธืคื™ืœื™ื ื’ ืงื™ื›ืœืขืš. ื“ื•ืจืš ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืึท ืงืœื™ืง ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึธืคึผื•ื•ืึทืจืคืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ X, ืึทืœืข ืคึผืจืึธืคื™ืœื™ื ื’ ืงื™ื›ืœืขืš ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคืืจื•ื•ืืจืคืŸ. ื“ื•ืจืš ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืึท ืงืœื™ืง ืื•ื™ืฃ ืงืึทืกื˜ืึทืžื™ื™ื– ืขืก ืื™ื– ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ืื•ื™ืกืงืœื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืคึผืจืึธืคื™ืœื™ื ื’ ืงื™ื›ืœืขืš ืฆื• ืึทืงื˜ืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜.
    ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืงืึทืžืคึผืœื™ื™ื– ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืึท ืคึผืจืึทื˜ืขืงืฉืึทืŸ ืืงื˜ (LPD), ืฉื•ื•ื™ื™ืฆืขืจ ืคืขื“ืขืจืืœืข ื’ืขื–ืขืฅ ืคื•ืŸ 25 ืกืขืคื˜ืขืžื‘ืขืจ 2020, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ GDPR, EU ืจืขื’ื•ืœืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ 2016/679, ืจื™ืœื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืฉื•ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืขืจื–ืขื ืœืขื›ืข ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ื™ ื‘ืึทื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ.
    ืึธื ื ืขืžืขืŸืึธืคึผื–ืึธื’ืŸืงืึทืกื˜ืึทืžื™ื™ื–