I-mantra ye-open ikhwalithi yedatha : a idatha engavuliwe futhi engeyona eyekhwalithi yizindleko ezinkampanini kanye nekhwalithi idatha ukuvula kufanele kubize kancane njalo.
I-Open Ikhwalithi yedatha isuka ku idatha evulekile futhi kusuka ikhwalithi yedatha.
In i-web ejensi ye-inthanethi, senza ucwaningo kanye nentuthuko endaweni evulekile ikhwalithi yedatha, akubona abasondelene nathi kuphela abasikhethayo.
I idatha bangamafutha enkulungwane entsha yeminyaka, the idatha evulekile ziwubuchwepheshe obonakalisayo ngoba lapho ushintsho lushuba ngokwengeziwe, kuba khona okusha emisha. Iwebhusayithi ejensi ye-inthanethi ikholelwa lokho idatha evulekile baqinisile futhi bangaba yikusasa, a idatha ukungavuli kuyizindleko zezinkampani futhi idatha ukuvula kufanele kubize kancane njalo.
I-Intanethi yeWebhusayithi isebenza ku idatha, hhayi kuphela labo abasondelene nathi abasikhethayo.
Incazelo: i idatha ohulumeni kufanele batholakale kunoma ngubani onethuba lokuphinda asabalalise nganoma iyiphi indlela ngaphandle kwemikhawulo ye-copyright.
I idatha evulekile ingavela kunoma yimuphi umthombo.
Isimo: I idatha okuvuliwe kungase kuhlanganise izinto ezingezona ezombhalo njengamabalazwe, ama-genomes, izixhumi, izinhlanganisela zamakhemikhali, amafomula ezibalo nawesayensi, idatha odokotela nokwenza, i-bioscience kanye ne-biodiversity. Izinkinga zivame ukuvela ngenxa yokuthi zinenani lezentengiselwano noma zingahlanganiswa zibe imisebenzi ebalulekile. Ukufinyelela noma ukusetshenziswa kabusha kwe idatha ilawulwa izinhlangano, zomphakathi nezizimele. Ukulawula kungaba ngemikhawulo yokufinyelela, amalayisense, amalungelo okushicilela, amalungelo obunikazi, kanye nezindleko zokufinyelela noma ukuphinda usetshenziswe. Abasekeli be idatha evulekile baphikisa ngokuthi le mikhawulo iphambene nenzuzo evamile nokuthi lezi idatha kufanele zenziwe zitholakale ngaphandle kwemingcele noma izindleko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuthi i idatha zingasetshenziswa kabusha ngaphandle kokudinga ukugunyazwa okwengeziwe, nakuba izinhlobo zokuphinda zisetshenziswe (njengokwakhiwa kwemisebenzi ephuma kokunye) zingalawulwa ilayisense.
I-Intanethi yeWebhusayithi sebenza nabo idatha evulekile Kuhulumeni, izicelo ezingcono kakhulu zikahulumeni ezivulekile zifuna ukunika izakhamuzi amandla, ukusiza amabhizinisi amancane, noma ukudala inzuzo ngenye indlela eyakhayo neyakhayo. Ukuvulwa kwe idatha uhulumeni uyisango nje elisendleleni eya ekwenzeni ngcono imfundo, ukwenza ngcono ukubusa, kanye nokwakha amathuluzi okuxazulula ezinye izinkinga zomhlaba wangempela.
Izinjongo zenhlangano Vula Idatha ziyefana nalezo ezinyakazayo "Vula".
Ukufinyelela okuvulekile kumayelana nokwenza ukushicilelwa kwezifundo kutholakale mahhala Internet. Kwezinye izimo, lezi zinto zihlanganisa namasethi we idatha evulekile, izibonelo yilezi:
-Okuqukethwe okuvuliwe kumayelana nokwenza izinsiza zitholakalele izethameli ezingabantu mahhala.
- Ulwazi oluvulekile. I-Open Knowledge International ikhuthaza ukuvuleka kuzo zonke izinkinga ezihlanganisa, kodwa ezingagcini nje, lezo idatha evulekile. Ikhava, okuqukethwe kwesayensi, umlando, indawo; ihlanganisa okuqukethwe okunjengomculo, amafilimu, izincwadi; ihlanganisa uhulumeni kanye nolunye ulwazi lokuphatha. I idatha evulekile zifakwe ngaphansi kwe-Open Knowledge Definition, okukhulunywa ngayo ku-Science Commons protocol ukuze kuqaliswe idatha ukufinyelela okuvulekile.
Isayensi ye-notebook evulekile ibhekisela ekusetshenzisweni komqondo we Vula Idatha kweningi lenqubo yesayensi engenzeka, kuhlanganise nokuhlola okuhlulekile kanye idatha isilingo esinzima.
-Isoftware yomthombo ovulekile imayelana namalayisense omthombo ovulekile lapho izinhlelo zekhompiyutha zingasatshalaliswa futhi ngokuvamile ayisebenzi ngokuyinhloko idatha.
-Izinsiza zemfundo ezivulekile zifinyeleleka ngokukhululekile futhi imibhalo enelayisensi evulelekile kanye nemidiya ewusizo ekufundiseni, ekufundeni nasekuhloleni, kanye nezinjongo zocwaningo.
-Open ucwaningo / isayensi evulekile / idatha yesayensi evulekile (isayensi evulekile exhunyiwe) ikhombisa indlela yokuvula nokuxhumanisa izinsiza zesayensi ezifana idatha, izindlela namathuluzi anamasu we idatha kuxhunywe ukunika amandla ucwaningo olusobala, oluphindaphindekayo kanye nolwedlulele.
I-mantra ye idatha evulekile : a idatha ukungavuli kuyizindleko zezinkampani futhi idatha ukuvula kufanele kubize kancane njalo.
In i-web ejensi ye-inthanethi, senza ucwaningo futhi sithuthukise indlela yokusebenzisa i- idatha evulekile, ngoba ushintsho luba lukhulu idatha evulekile kuyanda ukuqamba okusha; Akubona abasondelene nathi kuphela abasikhethayo.
I-DATA QUALITY
I idatha Ngamafutha enkulungwane entsha yeminyaka, i idatha enkulu ziwubuchwepheshe obonakalisayo ngoba lapho ushintsho lushuba ngokwengeziwe, kuba khona okusha emisha. Iwebhusayithi ejensi ye-inthanethi ikholelwa ukuthi i- ikhwalithi yedatha ikusasa, a idatha hhayi ngekhwalithi izindleko zezinkampani futhi idatha imikhiqizo yekhwalithi kufanele ihlale ibiza kancane.
I-Intanethi yeWebhusayithi isebenza ku idatha, hhayi kuphela labo abasondelene nathi abasikhethayo.
I idatha ngohlobo lwe-elekthronikhi ludlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu emphakathini wezobuchwepheshe bolwazi nezokuxhumana (ICT) futhi ngenxa yokusabalalisa kwabo "ikhwalithi" idatha ngefomethi ye-elekthronikhi nomphumela wayo kuzo zonke izinhlobo zemisebenzi yomphakathi we-ICT kuya ngokuya kubaluleke kakhulu.
Ukubaluleka kwe- ikhwalithi yedatha ezinqubweni zokuthatha izinqumo kutholakale esitatimendeni sekhwalithi ye-European Statistical System: "Sinikeza i-European Union kanye nomhlaba ulwazi olusezingeni eliphakeme ngomnotho nomphakathi ezingeni laseYurophu, likazwelonke kanye nesifunda, futhi senza lolu lwazi lutholakale kuwo wonke umuntu njengesisekelo sokwenza izinqumo, ucwaningo kanye nenkulumompikiswano. " Ku- ikhwalithi yedatha, a idatha hhayi ngekhwalithi izindleko zezinkampani futhi idatha imikhiqizo yekhwalithi kufanele ihlale ibiza kancane.
IDatha Warehousing Institute, embikweni wango 2002 ikhwalithi yedatha, uthi kukhona igebe elikhulu phakathi kokubona neqiniso le- ikhwalithi yedatha ezinhlanganweni eziningi, futhi lezo zinkinga zihlobene ikhwalithi yedatha kubiza amabhizinisi ase-US ngaphezu kwama- $ 600 billion ngonyaka, naku- ikhwalithi yedatha, a idatha hhayi ngekhwalithi izindleko zezinkampani futhi idatha imikhiqizo yekhwalithi kufanele ihlale ibiza kancane.
I idatha ngohlobo lwe-elekhtronikhi zingcono ngokwekhwalithi kune idatha egcinwe emaphepheni, uma ngabe ikhwalithi yedatha: a idatha hhayi ngekhwalithi izindleko zezinkampani futhi idatha imikhiqizo yekhwalithi kufanele ihlale ibiza kancane.
I-Intanethi yeWebhusayithi isebenza ku Ikhwalithi yedatha lapho, isidingo sokuqonda nokuxazulula izinkinga zekhwalithi futhi ngenxa yalokho ukwazi izimpendulo zemibuzo elandelayo: Yini empeleni i- ikhwalithi yedatha? Yimaphi amasu, izindlela nezinkinga ezikuyi ikhwalithi yedatha ingabe sezihlanganisiwe? Yiziphi izindlela ezaziwa kakhulu nezinokwethenjelwa kakhulu? Yiziphi izinkinga ezingakaxazululwa?
Izingqungquthela eziningi zomhlaba wonke zikhuthazwe yimiphakathi enezisekelo ze idatha kanye nezinhlelo zolwazi njengomkhakha omkhulu wophenyo; uhlelo lokuqala lweNgqungquthela Yomhlaba Wonke Yezinga Lolwazi (ICIQ), ehlelwe ngokwesiko eMassachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) e Boston, ihlehlela emuva ku-1996; I-Workshop Yamazwe Ngamazwe Ngekhwalithi Yolwazi Ezinhlelweni Zolwazi (IQIS) iye yasekela ingqungquthela ye-SIGMOD kusukela ngowezi-2004; i-seminar yamazwe ngamazwe Idatha kanye Nekhwalithi Yolwazi (DIQ) ibanjwe ngaphakathi kweNgqungquthela Yezobunjiniyela Bolwazi Oluthuthukisiwe (CAiSE) kusukela ngo-2004; kanye nesemina yamazwe ngamazwe i-Quality of Information Systems (QoIS), ibibanjwe ngokubambisana neNkomfa ye-Entity Relationship (ER) kusukela ngo-2005. Ezinye izingqungquthela ziba kuzwelonke EFrance, Germania nase-United States.
VULA IDATHA : izindawo zokusebenza
I-Intanethi yeWebhusayithi iqhuba imisebenzi yayo VULA IDATHA, ezindaweni zokusebenza ezilandelayo:
- Lombardy : Milan, Bergamo, Brescia, Como, Cremona, ILecco, Lodi, Mantova, Monza futhi we UBrianza, Pavia, Sondrio, Varese;
- Abruzzo : Chieti, TheU-Akhwila, Pescara, Teramo;
- Basilicata : Matera, amandla;
- Calabria : Catanzaro, Cosenza, Crotone, Reggio Calabria, I-Vibo Valentia;
- I-Campania : I-Avellino, Benevento, I-Caserta, Naples, I-Salerno;
- Emilia Romagna : Bologna, Ferrara, Forlì, Cesena, Modena, Parma, Piacenza, I-Ravenna, Reggio Emilia, Rimini;
- Friuli Venezia Giulia : IGorizia, I-Pordenone, Trieste, Udine;
- Lazio : Frosinone, Latina, Rieti, amaRom, IViterbo;
- I-Liguria : Genoa, Imperia, La Spezia, Savona;
- UMarche : Ancona, I-Ascoli Piceno, Kumisiwe, Macerata, I-Pesaro, I-Urbino;
- Molise : Campobasso, Isernia;
- Piedmont : Alessandria, Asti, UBiella, Cuneo, I-Novara, eTurin, Verbano, Cusio, Ossola, I-Vercelli;
- I-Puglia : Bari, IBarletta, Andria, Trani, Brindisi, Foggia, Lecce, Taranto;
- I-Sardegna : Cagliari, ICarbonia, Amasonto, Maphakathi Campidano, I-Nuoro, I-Ogliastra, Olbia, Ithempeli, Oristano, Sassari;
- Sicilia : I-Agrigento, I-Caltanissetta, Catania, Enna, Messina, Palermo, I-Ragusa, Syracuse, Trapani;
- Tuscany : Arezzo, Florence, I-Grosseto, ILivorno, Lucca, Massa, Carrara, I-Pisa, Pistoia, Prato, Siena;
- UTrentino Alto Adige : Bolzano, Ukulandela;
- Umbria : I-Perugia, Terni;
- I-Valle d'Aosta : Aosta;
- I-Veneto : Belluno, I-Padova, I-Rovigo, I-Treviso, I-Venezia, Verona, UVicenza;
- Svizzera : Canton of Appenzell Kwangaphandle, Canton of Appenzell Ngaphakathi, Isifunda sase-Aargau, Isifunda saseBasel Ezweni, Isifunda saseBasel Idolobha, I-Canton yaseBern, Isifunda saseFriborg, Canton of Geneva, I-Canton yaseJura, Isifunda saseGlarus, I-Canton yaseGrisons, I-Canton yaseLucerne, Canton of Nidwalden, Isifunda saseNeuchatel, Canton of Obwalden, I-Canton yase-St. Gallen, Isifunda saseSchaffhausen, Isifunda saseSolothurn, Canton of Schwyz, Isifunda saseThurgau, Isifunda sase-Uri, Canton of Valais, Isifunda saseVaud, Isifunda saseZug, Canton of Zurich, I-Canton Ticino.
I-Intanethi yeWebhusayithi iqhuba imisebenzi yayo VULA IDATHA, ngo I-Canton Ticino :
- isifunda sase UMendrisio ngemibuthano ye UMendrisio, I-Balerna, I-Caneggio, I-Stabio e Riva San Vitale;
- isifunda sase Lugano ngemibuthano ye Lugano is, Lugano entshonalanga, Lugano enyakatho, I-Ceresium, Paradiso, Magliasina, U-Agno, Sesa, sonvico, UVezia, UBreno, UPregassona, I-Capriasca e indawo yokucima ukoma:
- isifunda sase I-Locarno ngemibuthano ye I-Locarno, Iziqhingi zaseLake Maggiore, I-Onsernon, Gambarogno, i-apula, Umkhumbi e I-Verzasca;
- isifunda sase I-Vallemaggia ngemibuthano ye I-Rovana, UMaggia e Lavizzara;
- isifunda sase UBellinzona ngemibuthano ye UBellinzona, Ticino kanye Giubiasco;
- Isifunda saseRiviera neklabhu yaseRiviera;
- isifunda sase I-blenium ngemibuthano ye I-Serravalle, I-Acquarossa e I-blenium;
- isifunda sase I-Leventina ngemibuthano ye IGiornico, UFaido, Okwesihlanu e I-Airolo.
VULA IDATHAemakethe yamazwe ngamazwe
I-Intanethi yeWebhusayithi iqhuba imisebenzi yayo VULA IDATHA kulezi zindawo zokusebenza ezilandelayo ze imakethe yamazwe omhlaba: Idolobha laseNew York, e-Los Angeles, Chicago, Houston, I-Filadelfia, Phoenix, San Antonio, San Diego, Dallas, San Jose, Indianapolis, i-San Francisco, Detroit, ElPaso, Seattle, Boston, Washington, Sacramento, Atlanta, Raleigh, Idolobha laseNew York, e-Los Angeles, Chicago, Houston, I-Filadelfia, Phoenix, San Antonio, San Diego, Dallas, San Jose, Indianapolis, i-San Francisco, Detroit, ElPaso, Seattle, Boston, Washington, Sacramento, Atlanta, Raleigh; ECanada: Toronto, Montreal, Calgary, Ottawa, I-Edomonton, UMissisauga, Winnipeg, Vancouver; United Kingdom : London, Glasgow, Sheffield, Liverpool, Manchester, Bristol, Leeds, Birmingham; Europa: London, Berlin, Madrid, amaRom, Paris, Bucharest, Vienna, Hamburg, Budapest, Warsaw, Barcelona, Monaco, Milan, Sofia, Prague, Brussels, Birmingham, I-Colonia, Naples, Stockholm, eTurin, EMarseille, Amsterdam, I-Zagreb, Valencia, Moscow, Dusseldorf;
Amadolobha amakhulu emhlabeni: Tokyo, Shanghai, Jakarta, Delhi, Seoul, Istanbul, Karachi, Tokyo, Guangzhou, Mumbai, Moscow, UPaul, Lahore, Delhi, EJakarta, Kinshasa, kuphela, I-Mexico City, London, I-New York, Bangalore, Ho Chi Minh, Lima, Hanoi, UBogota, Tehran, i-Hong Kong, Bangkok, UDacca, ICairo, Rio de Janeiro, Caracas, I-Baghdad, ESt. Petersburg, Riad, Calcutta, Singapore, Santiago, Sydney, Surat, Chennai, Melbourne, Yangon, I-Alexandria yaseGibhithe, Shenyang, Hyderabad, e-Los Angeles, I-Ahmedabad, Ankara, Johannesburg, Wuhan, I-Yokohama, Abidjan, I-Pusan, eKapa, Durban, ukubeka, UJedda, Berlin, Casablanca, Pyongyang, I-Kanpur, Madrid, Jaipur, Nairobi, Faisalabad, ΓrΓΌmqi, Brasilia, Salvador, Buenos Aires, amaRom, Chicago, Fortaleza, Chittagong, Belo Horizonte, Toronto; United Kingdom : Aberdeen, I-Basingstoke, Bath, Belfast, Birmingham, Brighton, Bristol, Bromley, Cambridge, Cardiff, Edinburgh, Exeter, Gateshead, Glasgow, Imibala, I-Greenhithe, I-Kingston phezu kweThames, Leeds, Leicester, Liverpool, London, Manchester, Milton Keynes, Newcastle upon Tyne, Norwich, Plymouth, Ukufunda, Sheffield, ISolihull, Southampton, Watford; Indawo Enkulu Yase-Australia: Canberra, ENingizimu Australia, eRundle Place, eNew South Wales UBondi, Broadway, Castle Towers, Charlestown, Chatswood jaha, Izimpondo, Miranda, U-Penrith, Sydney, EQueensland:Brisbane , ICarindale, IChermside, URobina, Victoria, IChadstone, I-Southland, I-Doncaster, Isango Lomthombo; Austria: Vienna, Belgium: Brussels, EBrazil:IBarra da Tijuca, SΓ£o Paulo, ECanada: I-Alberta (ECanada), Calgary, Edmonton, British Columbia (Canada) Burnaby,I-Coquitlam, Richmond, Surrey, Vancouver, Manitoba (ECanada), Winnipeg, Nova Scotia (ECanada), Halifax, Ontario (ECanada),Burlington, London, UMarkham, UMississauga, I-Newmarket, Ottawa, Toronto, Waterloo, Quebec (ECanada),i-brossard, uLaval, Montreal, UPointe-Claire, I-Quebec City; I-United Arab Emirates : Abu Dhabi, Dubai; EFrance : Aix-en-Provence, Bordeaux, Dijon, I-Chesnay, uLieusaint, Lille, Lyon, UMarne-la-Vallee, eMarseilles, Montpellier, Nice, Paris, I-Puteaux: uMvikeli, URosny-Sous-Bois, USaint Herblain, Strasbourg, I-Velizy-Villacoublay; Germania : Augsburg, Berlin, Cologne, Dresden, Dusseldorf, Frankfurt, Hamburg, Hanover, Munich, Oberhausen, Sindelfingen, Sulzbach; Spain : I-Arroyo de la Encomienda, I-Arroyomolinos, Barcelona, I-Churra, LeganΓ©s, Majadahonda, Marbella, Valencia, I-Zaragoza, Svezia: IHelsingborg, MalmΓΆ, Taby; Svizzera Basel, Geneva, IGlattzentrum bei Wallisellen, Zurich. I-Intanethi yeWebhusayithi usebenza e-United States of America. I-Intanethi yeWebhusayithi usebenza eCanada. I-Intanethi yeWebhusayithi umsebenzi Europa; E-Albania: Tirana; Germania: Berlin; Andorra: I-Andorra la Vella; Austria: Vienna; Belgium: Brussels; Belarus: Minsk; I-Bosnia-Erzegovina: Sarajevo; Bulgaria: Sofia; Croatia: I-Zagreb; Denmark: ICopenhagen; ISlovakia: Bratislava; Slovenia: ULjubljana; Spain: Madrid; Estonia: Tallinn; Finlandia: Helsinki; EFrance: Paris; Greece: E-Athene; Hungary: Budapest; Ireland: E-Dublin; I-Isanda: Reykjavik; I-Lettonia: Riga; Liechtenstein: Vaduz; Lituania: Vilnius; Luxembourg: Luxembourg; Malta: IValletta; Moldova: Chisinau; Monaco: Monaco; Montenegro: Podgorica; I-Norvegia: Oslo; Netherlands: Amsterdam; Poland: Warsaw; Portugal: I-Lisbon; United Kingdom: London; I-Czech Republic: Prague; IRiphabhulikhi ye Macedonia: Skopje; Romania: Bucharest; San Marino: San Marino; Serbia: Belgrade; Svezia: Stockholm; Svizzera: Lugano, Canton of Ticino, UBellinzona, I-Locarno, UMendrisio, umsindo, UBern; Ukraine: Kiev; I-Intanethi yeWebhusayithi isebenza e-Asia, e-Afghanistan: Kabul;
I-Saudi Arabia : Riyadh; I-Armenia: Yerevan; I-Azerbaijan: Baku; I-Bahrain: Manama; I-Bangladesh: Dhaka; IBhutan: Thimphu; IBurma: Naypyidaw; I-Brunei: Bandar Seri Begawan; ECambodia: Phnom Penh; I-China: Beijing; E-North Korea : Pyongyang; INingizimu Korea : kuphela; I-United Arab Emirates : Abu Dhabi; IPhilippines: Manila; IGeorgia: Tbilisi; EJapan: Tokyo; IJordani: Amman; I-India: ENew Delhi; I-Indonesia: EJakarta; I-Iran: Tehran; I-Iraq: I-Baghdad; Israyeli: eJerusalema; Kazakhstan: Astana; I-Kyrgyzstan: IBishkek; I-Kuwait: I-Madinat al-Kuwait; I-Laos: Vientiane; ILebhanon: Beirut; IMaldives: MalΓ©; EMalaysia: Kuala Lumpur; IMongolia: Ulan Bator; ENepal: Kathmandu; I-Oman: isifihlwa; EPakistan: Islamabad; IPalestine: IJerusalema elisempumalanga; I-Qatar: Doha; Singapore : Singapore; ISiriya: Damascus; I-Sri Lanka : ISri Jayawardenapura Kotte; I-Tajikistan: Dushanbe; E-Taiwan: Taipei; I-Thailand: Bangkok; Igalikuni : Ankara; I-Turkmenistan: I-Asgabat; I-Uzbekistan: Tashkent; IVietnam: Hanoi; I-Yemen: Sana; I-Intanethi yeWebhusayithi usebenza e-Afrika, e-Algeria: I-Algiers; I-Angola: Luanda; Benin: Benin; IBotswana: Gaborone; IBurkina Faso: Ouagadougou; IBurundi: Bujumbura; ECameroon: YaoundΓ©; ICape Verde: Praia; I-Chad: N'Djamena; EComoros: Moroni; I-Ivory Coast: Yamoussoukro; IGibhithe: ICairo; I-Eritrea: Asmara; I-Ethiopia: Addis Ababa; IGabon: Libreville; IGambia: Banjul; IGhana: Accra; Djibouti: Djibouti; IGuinea: Conakry; I-Guinea-Bissau: Bissau; I-Equatorial Guinea: Malabo; EKenya: Nairobi; ELesotho: Maseru; ELiberia: Monrovia; I-Libya: Tripoli; EMadagascar: Antananarivo; IMalawi: Lilongwe; I-Mali: Bamako; Mauritania: Mauritania; EMauritius: Port Louis; EMorocco: Rabat; EMozambiki: Maputo; ENamibia: Windhoek; ENiger: Niamey; ENigeria: Abuja; I-Central African Republic: Bangui; IRiphabhulikhi yaseCongo: I-Brazzaville; IDemocratic Republic of the Congo: Kinshas.
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