Pūnaewele Pūnaewele Pūnaewele a ʻoihana hoʻomohala polokalamu.
ʻOihana hoʻomohala polokalamu
Le ʻoihana hoʻomohala polokalamu he mau hui hana, hoʻolālā a hoʻomohala i nā polokalamu ma ka inoa o nā mea kūʻai mai. Hiki iā lākou ke ʻano nui, mai nā hoʻomaka liʻiliʻi a hiki i nā multinationals nui, a hāʻawi i nā lawelawe like ʻole, me:
Hoʻomohala polokalamu maʻamau: Ke hana ʻana i nā lako polokalamu i kūpono i nā pono kikoʻī o ka mea kūʻai aku. Hoʻomohala pūnaewele a me nā polokalamu kelepona: Ke hana ʻana i nā polokalamu kelepona pūnaewele a me nā polokalamu kelepona ʻē aʻe. Ka mālama ʻana i nā polokalamu a me nā mea hou: Ke kōkua a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā polokalamu i loaʻa. Kūkākūkā IT: Hāʻawi i ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo a me ke kākoʻo i nā ʻoihana e pili ana i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i kā lākou polokalamu polokalamu.
Le ʻoihana hoʻomohala polokalamu hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i nā ʻāpana like ʻole:
Hale lako polokalamu: Hāʻawi lākou i kahi ākea o nā lawelawe hoʻomohala polokalamu, mai ka hoʻolālā ʻana i ka mālama. Nā loea ʻāpana: Ke nānā nei lākou i kekahi ʻoihana, e like me ke kālā, mālama olakino, a i ʻole ka hana ʻana. Nā mea hoʻomohala polokalamu kelepona: Hana lākou i nā noi no nā smartphones a me nā papa. Kuokoa: Nā mea hoʻomohala polokalamu kūʻokoʻa e hana ana ma kahi papahana.
Pehea e koho ai i kekahi ʻoihana hoʻomohala polokalamu:
- E wehewehe i kāu mau pono: He mea nui ka loaʻa ʻana o ka manaʻo maopopo o ka mea āu e makemake ai e hoʻokō mai ka polokalamu.
- E noiʻi i nā ʻoihana like ʻole: Hoʻohālikelike i nā mea like ʻole ʻoihana hoʻomohala polokalamu ma muli o kā lākou lawelawe, ʻike a me nā koina.
- Noi i nā huaʻōlelo: E noi i nā huaʻōlelo mai nā ʻoihana like ʻole e loaʻa ka waiwai maikaʻi loa no ke kālā.
- E loiloi i nā kuhikuhi: E heluhelu i nā loiloi o nā mea ʻē aʻe nā mea kūʻai mai e kiʻi i ka manaʻo o ka maikaʻi o ka hana a ka hui.
Le ʻoihana hoʻomohala polokalamu hiki iā lākou ke lilo i hoa waiwai no nā ʻoihana e ʻimi nei e hoʻomaikaʻi i kā lākou pono a me ka huahana. Ma ke koho ʻana i ka ʻoihana kūpono, hiki iā ʻoe ke kiʻi i nā polokalamu kiʻekiʻe e kūpono i kāu mau pono kikoʻī.
Ka mōʻaukala a me ka ulu ʻana o nā ʻoihana hoʻomohala polokalamu
Nā kumu:
- Ka mua ʻoihana hoʻomohala polokalamu ua hānau ʻia lākou i nā makahiki 50 a me 60, me ka hiki ʻana mai o nā kamepiula mainframe mua.
- I kēlā manawa, he hana paʻakikī a pipiʻi ka hoʻomohala polokalamu, hiki ke loaʻa i nā hui nui wale nō.
- Le ʻoihana hoʻomohala polokalamu ʻO kēia manawa i kālele nui ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā polokalamu no nā noi ʻepekema a me ka ʻenekinia.
Ka ulu a me ka laha:
- I nā makahiki 70 a me 80, me ka laha ʻana o nā minicomputers a me nā kamepiula pilikino, ua maʻalahi ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā polokalamu.
- Nui nā mea hou i hānau ʻia ʻoihana hoʻomohala polokalamu, i hāʻawi i nā polokalamu like ʻole no nā noi like ʻole.
- I loko o kēia manawa, hoʻolaha pū ka manaʻo o ka polokalamu "off-the-shelf", ʻo ia hoʻi ka polokalamu i hoʻopaʻa mua ʻia a hoʻohana.
ʻO ke au o Internet:
- L'avvento di Internet i ka 90s ua hoʻololi i ka honua o ka hoʻomohala polokalamu.
- Le ʻoihana hoʻomohala polokalamu ua hoʻomaka lākou e hana i nā noi pūnaewele a me nā lako polokalamu no ke kamaʻilio pūnaewele.
- Ua laha loa ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lako polokalamu open source, ʻo ia hoʻi.
Nā palena hou:
- I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, me ka hiki ʻana mai o ao ʻO nā polokalamu kamepiula a me nā polokalamu kelepona, ua ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā polokalamu.
- Le ʻoihana hoʻomohala polokalamu ke hana nei i nā noi hou no ka ao, no nā polokalamu kelepona a noInternet o na mea (IoT).
- kaʻike kūlohelohe a me ka aʻo aʻo ke lilo nei lākou i mau ʻenehana koʻikoʻi no ka hoʻomohala polokalamu.
ʻO kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona:
- 1955: Hānau ʻia ka mea mua ʻoihana hoʻomohala polokalamu, ka Hui Pūnaewele Hoʻohana (CUC).
- 1975: Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Microsoft.
- 1983: Hānau ʻia ʻo Lotus Development Corporation.
- 1995: Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Netscape Communications.
- 2004: Hānau ʻia Facebook.
- 2007: Ua hānau ʻia ka iPhone.
- 2010: Hānau ʻia Google App Engine.
Le ʻoihana hoʻomohala polokalamu ua hana nui i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻenehana ʻike a me ka ʻenehana. Ua kōkua lākou i ka hana ʻana i ka polokalamu a mākou e hoʻohana ai i kēlā me kēia lā e hana, kamaʻilio, pāʻani, a hoʻokipa iā mākou iho.
Hui hoʻomohala polokalamu: nā wahi hana
Pūnaewele Pūnaewele Pūnaewele e hooko ana i kana mau hana ʻoihana hoʻomohala polokalamu, ma keia mau wahi hana:
- Lombardy : Milan, Bergamo, Brescia, Como, Cremona, Lecco, Lodi, Mantua, Monza a me ka ʻO Brianza, Pavia, Sondrio, Varese;
- Abruzzo : Chieti, KaAkula, Pescara, Teramo;
- Basilicata : Matera, ʻO Potenza;
- Calabria : Catanzaro, Cosenza, Crotone, ʻO Reggio Calabria, Vibo Valentia;
- Campania : Avellino, Benevento, Caserta, Napela, Salerno;
- Emilia Romagna : Bologna, ʻO Ferrara, Wahi, Cesena, Modena, Parma, Piacenza, Ravenna, ʻO Reggio Emilia, Rimini;
- Friuli Venezia Giulia : ʻO Keloria, Pordenone, Trieste, Udine;
- Lazio : Frosinone, Latina, Rieti, Rome, Viterbo;
- Liguria : Genoa, Imperia, La spezia, Savona;
- ʻO Marche : Ancona, Ascoli piceno, Kū, ʻO Macerata, Kaumaha au, Urbino;
- Molise : Campobasso, Isernia;
- Piedmont : Alessandria, Asti, ʻO Biella, Cuneo, Novara, Turin, Verbano, Kusio, ʻOsola, ʻO Vercelli;
- Puglia : Bari, ʻO Barletta, ʻO Andria, Trani, Brindisi, Foggia, Lecce, Taranto;
- Sardinia : Cagliari, ʻĀpana, ʻO Iklesias, Kauwaena Campidano, nuoro, ʻO Ogliastra, Olbia, Luakini, Oristano, Sasari;
- Sicilia : ʻAukake, ʻO Caltanissetta, Catania, Enna, Messina, Palermo, Ragusa, Syracuse, Trapani;
- Tuscany : Arezzo, Florence, ʻO Grosseto, Livorno, Lucca, Massa, Carrara, Pisa, Pistoia, Prato, Iā Siena;
- ʻO Trentino Alto Adige : ʻO Bolzano, Trento;
- Umbria : Perugia, ʻO Terni;
- Valle d'Aosta : Aosta;
- Veneto : Belluno, Padova, Rovigo, ʻO Treviso, Venice, Verona, ʻO Vicenza;
- Svizzera : Canton of Appenzell Kuwaho, Canton of Appenzell Kuloko, Canton of Aargau, Canton of Basel kuaaina, Canton of Basel kūlanakauhale, Canton of Bern, Canton o Fribourg, Cantona o Geneva, Cantona o Jura, Canton of Glarus, Canton of Grisons, Canton of Lucerne, Canton of Nidwalden, Canton of Neuchatel, Canton of Obwalden, Canton of St. Gallen, Canton of Schaffhausen, Canton of Solothurn, Canton of Schwyz, Canton of Thurgau, Canton of Uri, Canton of Valais, Canton of Vaud, Canton of Zug, Cantona o Zurich, Canton of Ticino.
Pūnaewele Pūnaewele Pūnaewele e hooko ana i kana mau hana ʻoihana hoʻomohala polokalamu, ma Canton of Ticino :
- apana o mendrisio me na poai o mendrisio, koholā, Caneggio, ʻO Stabio e Riva San Vitale;
- apana o Lugano me na poai o Lugano is, Lugano komohana, Lugano ke akau, Ceresium, Paradiso, Magliasina, ʻO Agno, ʻO Sessa, sonvico, ʻO Vezia, ʻO Breno, ʻO Pregassona, Capriasca e hale kūʻai:
- apana o Locarno me na poai o Locarno, Mokupuni o Lake Maggiore, ʻO Onsernon, ʻO Gambarogno, Apple, Moku e ʻo Verzasca;
- apana o Vallemaggia me na poai o rovana, ʻO Maggia e Lavizzara;
- apana o bellinzone me na poai o bellinzone, Ticino a me Giubiasco;
- Apana Riviera me ka hui Riviera;
- apana o Blenium me na poai o ʻO Serravalle, Aquarossa e Blenium;
- apana o Leventine me na poai o ʻO Giornico, faido, Pōʻalima e Airolo.
ʻoihana hoʻomohala polokalamu, ma ka mākeke honua
Pūnaewele Pūnaewele Pūnaewele e hooko ana i kana mau hana ʻoihana hoʻomohala polokalamu ma na wahi hana o ka mākeke honua: Nuioka, Los Angeles, Chicago, Houston, Filadelfia, Phoenix, San Antonio, San Diego, Dallas, San Jose, Indianapolis, Kapalakiko, Detroit, ʻO ElPaso, Seattle, Boston, Hawaii, Sacramento, Atlanta, Raleigh, Nuioka, Los Angeles, Chicago, Houston, Filadelfia, Phoenix, San Antonio, San Diego, Dallas, San Jose, Indianapolis, Kapalakiko, Detroit, ʻO ElPaso, Seattle, Boston, Hawaii, Sacramento, Atlanta, Raleigh; Kanaka: Toronto, Montreal, ʻO Calgary, Ottawa, ʻEdoma, missisauga, Winnipeg, Vancouver; ʻO United Kingdom : Londra, Glasgow, Sefila, Liverpool, Manchester, Bristol, Leeds, Birmingham; Europe: Londra, Pelelina, Madrid, Rome, Paris, Bucarest, Vienna, Hamburg, Pukapeka, Warsaw, Pakelona, Monako, Milan, Sofia, ʻO Prague, Bruxelles, Birmingham, ʻO Colonia, Napela, Stockholm, Turin, Marseille, Part I, Zagreb, Valencia, Moscow, Dusseldorf;
Nā kūlanakauhale nui i ka honua: Tokyo, Shanghai, Jakarta, Delhi, Seoul, Kou, Karachi, Tokyo, Guangzhou, Mumbai, Moscow, St. Paul, Lahore, Delhi, Jakarta, Kinshasa, Seoul, ʻo Mexico City, Londra, New York, Bangalore, Ho Chi Minh, Lima, Hanoi, ʻO Bogota, Tehran, Hong Kong, Bangkok, Dhaka, Kairo, Rio de Ka Janeiro, Caracas, Baghdad, ʻO St.Pietroburgo, Riad, Calcutta, Sinapoa, Santiago, Sydney, Surat, Chennai, Melbourne, Yangon, ʻO Alexandria o ʻAigupita, Shenyang, Hyderabad, Los Angeles, Ahmedabad, Ankara, Johannesburg, Wuhan, Yokohama, Abidjan, Busan, Kaona Lani, Durban, kau, Jeddah, Pelelina, Casablanca, Pyongyang, Kanpur, Madrid, Jaipur, Nairobi, Faisalabad, Urumqi, Brasilia, Salvador, Buenos Aires, Rome, Chicago, Fortaleza, Chittagong, Belo Horizonte, Toronto; ʻO United Kingdom : Aberdeen, ʻO Basingstoke, auau, Belfast, Birmingham, Brighton, Bristol, ʻO Bromley, Kamepelika, Cardiff, Edinburgh, Exeter, ʻO Gateshead, Glasgow, Nā Kelaha, ʻO Greenhithe, ʻO Kingston ma luna o Thames, Leeds, Leicester, Liverpool, London, Manchester, Milton Keynes, Newcastle ma luna o Tyne, Norwich, Plymouth, Heluhelu, Sefila, Solihull, Southampton, Watford; Teritori kapikala ʻo Australia: Canberra, Australia Hema, Wahi Rundle, Wale Hema Hema bondi, Broadway, Nā hale kākela, Kalana, Kahikina Alualu, ʻUlaʻula, Miranda, ʻO Penrith, Sydney, Queensland:Brisbane , Carindale, Chermside, ʻO Robina, Victoria, Pōhaku, Hikina, ʻO Doncaster, Puka Punawai; ʻAukekulia: Vienna, Pelekiuma: Palukela, Palakila:ʻO Barra da Tijuca, ʻO São Paulo, Kanaka: Alberta (Kanaka), ʻO Calgary, 'O Edmonton, ʻO British Columbia (Kanaka) Burnaby,ʻO Coquitlam, Rikemona, ʻO Surrey, Vancouver, ʻO Manitoba (Kanaka), Winnipeg, Nova Scotia (Kanaka), Halifax, Hilo (Kanaka),Burlington, London, Markham, Mississauga, Newmarket, Ottawa, Toronto, Waiwai, Hawaii (Kanaka),ʻO Brossard, Laval, Montreal, ʻO Pointe-Claire, ʻO Quebec City; Aupuni 'Emira' Alapia Hui Pū 'ia : Abu Dhabi, Dubai; France : Aix-en-Provence, Bordeaux, Dijon, ʻO ka Chesnay, ʻO Lieusaint, Lille, Lyon, ʻO Marne-la-Vallee, Marseille, Montpellier, ʻoluʻolu, Palika, Puteaux: la Pale Kaua, ʻO Rosny-Sous-Bois, Saint Herblain, Strasbourg, ʻO Velizy-Villacoublay; Germania : Augsburg, Pelelina, Cologne, ʻO Dresden, Dusseldorf, Honolulu, Hamburg, Hanover, Munich, Oberhausen, Sindelfingen, Sulzbach; Spagna : Kahawai o ka Encomienda, arroyomolinos, Pakelona, ʻO Churra, Leganés, Mayadahonda, ʻO Marbella, Valencia, Zaragoza, Svezia: Koi ʻia ʻo Horgingborg, Malmö, Kāpena; Svizzera Basel, Geneva, ʻO Glattzentrum bei Wallisellen, Zurich. Pūnaewele Pūnaewele Pūnaewele hana ma United States of America. Pūnaewele Pūnaewele Pūnaewele hana ma Kanada. Pūnaewele Pūnaewele Pūnaewele hana Europe; ʻAlepania: Tirana; Germania: Pelelina; andorra: Andorra la Vella; ʻAukekulia: Vienna; Pelekiuma: Bruxelles; Belarus: Minsk; Bosnia Herzegovina: Sarajevo; Pulukalia: Sofia; Croatia: Zagreb; Denmark: ʻO Copenhagen; Solowakia: Bratislava; Solowenia: Ljubljana; Spagna: Madrid; ʻEsetonia: Tallinn; Finland: Helsinki; France: Paris; Greece: Atenai; Hungary: Pukapeka; Aialani: ʻO Dublin; 'Āina Hao: Reykjavik; Latvia: Riga; Likenekaina: ʻO Vaduz; Lithuania: Vilnius; Lukemapuka: Lukemapuka; Malta: Valletta; Moldova: ʻO Chisinau; Monako: Monako; Monokenekelo: ʻO Podgorica; Norway: Oslo; 'Olelani: Part I; Poland: Warsaw; Portugal: Lisbon; ʻO United Kingdom: Londra; ʻO Czech Republic: ʻO Prague; Repubalika o Makekonia: Skopje; Romānia: Bucarest; San Marino: San Marino; Serbia: Belgrade; Svezia: Stockholm; Svizzera: Lugano, Canton of Ticino, bellinzone, Locarno, mendrisio, hū, Bern; Ukraine: Kiev; Pūnaewele Pūnaewele Pūnaewele hana ma Asia, Afghanistan: Kabul;
Saudi 'Alapia : ʻO Riyadh; Alemenia: ʻO Yerevan; Akepaikana: ʻO Baku; Baharaina: Manama; Banagaladesa: ʻO Dhaka; Butana: Kaumua; Burma: Paukai; Burunei: Bandar Seri Begawan; Kamabodia: Phnom Penh; Kina: Beijing; Kōlea 'Ākau : Pyongyang; Kōlea Hema : Seoul; Aupuni 'Emira' Alapia Hui Pū 'ia : Abu Dhabi; Āina Pilipino: Manila; Keokia: ʻO Tbilisi; Iapana : Tokyo; Ioredāne: Amman; Inia: New Delhi; Inidonesia: Jakarta; ʻIrana: Tehran; Ilaka: Baghdad; Iseraela: Ierusalema; Kasakana: Astana; Kaikikana: Bishkek; Kuete: Kulanakauhale o Kuwait; Laosa: Vientiane; Lepanona: Beirut; Maladiwa: Male; Malaia: Kuala Lumpur; Monokolia: Ulan Bator; Nepala: Kathmandu; Omana: Mascate; Pakitana: Islamabad; Palekekine: Ierusalema Hikina; Katala: Doha; Sinapoa : Sinapoa; Suria: Damaseko; Sililanaka : ʻO Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte; Takisitana: ʻO Dushanbe; Taiwan: Taipei; Tailani: Bangkok; Kuleke: Ankara; Tukemenikana: ʻO Asgabat; Usepekikana: ʻO Tashkent; Wiekanama: Hanoi; Iemene: oe; Pūnaewele Pūnaewele Pūnaewele hana ma ʻApelika, Algeria: ʻAmelike Algiers; Anagola: Luanda; Benin: Benin; Botuana: Gaborone; Burakina Faso: Ouagadougou; Buruni: Bujumbura; Kameruna: Yaoundé; Laeuliuli: Beach; Kada: N'Djamena; Komorosa: Moroni; Kahakai Ivory: Yamoussoukro; Aikupita: Kairo; Elikilea: Asmara; Aikiopa: Addis Ababa; Kapona: Libreville; Kamapia: Banjul; Gāna: Hawaii; Djibouti: Djibouti; Kini: Conakry; Kini-Bissau: Bissau; Kini 'Ekuakolia: Malabo; Kenia: Nairobi; Lesoto: Maseru; Lipelia: Monrovia; Libia: Tripoli; Makakakeka: Antananarivo; Malaui: Lilongwe; Māli: Bamako; Mauritania: Mauritania; Mauritiusa: ʻO Port Louis; Moloko: Rabat; Mozamabika: Maputo; Namibia: Windhoek; Naigera: Niamey; Naigeria: Abuja; Lepupalika 'Apelika Waena: Bangui; Lepupalika ʻo Kongo: Koloa; Lepupalika Demokarata o Congo: Kinshas
ʻAʻole wale nā poʻe kokoke iā mākou e koho iā mākou.
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E ʻike hou aʻe mai ka Pūnaewele Pūnaewele Pūnaewele
E kau inoa no ka loaʻa ʻana o nā ʻatikala hou loa ma ka leka uila.
