Webosaete ea Marang-rang ke khamphani ea nts'etsopele ea software.
Khampani ea nts'etsopele ea software
Le khamphani ea nts'etsopele ea software ke lik'hamphani tse etsang, ho rala le ho ntshetsa pele software molemong oa bareki. Li ka ba tsa boholo bo fapaneng, ho tloha ho tse qalang ho isa ho tse kholo tsa machaba, 'me li fana ka lits'ebeletso tse fapaneng, ho kenyelletsa:
Ntlafatso ea software e ikhethileng: Ho theha software e etselitsoeng litlhoko tse ikhethileng tsa moreki. Ntlafatso ea lisebelisoa tsa Marang-rang le tsa mehala: Ho theha lits'ebetso tsa marang-rang le tsa mehala bakeng sa lits'ebetso le lisebelisoa tse fapaneng. Tlhokomelo le ntlafatso ea software: Thuso le ntlafatso ea software e teng. Setsebi sa IT: Fana ka likeletso le tšehetso ho lik'hamphani mabapi le mokhoa oa ho ntlafatsa lits'ebetso tsa bona tsa software.
Le khamphani ea nts'etsopele ea software e ka aroloa ka lihlopha tse fapaneng:
Ntlo ea software: Ba fana ka mefuta e mengata ea litšebeletso tsa ntlafatso ea software, ho tloha ho moralo ho ea ho tlhokomelo. Litsebi tsa lefapha: Ba tsepamisa maikutlo indastering e itseng, joalo ka lichelete, tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle, kapa tlhahiso. Basebelisi ba app ea mobile: Ba theha lits'ebetso tsa li-smartphones le matlapa. Freelance Baetsi ba li-software ba ikemetseng ba sebetsang molemong oa morero.
Mokhoa oa ho khetha e le 'ngoe khamphani ea nts'etsopele ea software:
- Hlalosa litlhoko tsa hau: Ho bohlokoa ho ba le mohopolo o hlakileng oa seo u batlang ho se fihlela ho tsoa ho software.
- Batlisisa lik'hamphani tse fapaneng: Bapisa tse fapaneng khamphani ea nts'etsopele ea software ho ipapisitsoe le lits'ebeletso tsa bona, boiphihlelo le litšenyehelo.
- Kopa liqotso: Kopa mantsoe a qotsitsoeng lik'hamphaning tse fapaneng ho fumana boleng bo holimo ba chelete.
- Lekola litšupiso: Bala maikutlo a ba bang bareki ho fumana mohopolo oa boleng ba mosebetsi oa k'hamphani.
Le khamphani ea nts'etsopele ea software e ka ba molekane oa bohlokoa bakeng sa lik'hamphani tse batlang ho ntlafatsa katleho ea tsona le tlhahiso. Ka ho khetha k'hamphani e nepahetseng, o ka fumana software ea boleng bo holimo e fihlelang litlhoko tsa hau tse ikhethileng.
Histori le tsoelo-pele ea lik'hamphani tsa nts'etsopele ea software
Tšimoloho:
- Ea pele khamphani ea nts'etsopele ea software ba hlahile lilemong tsa bo-50 le bo-60, ka ho fihla ha lik'homphieutha tsa pele tse kholo.
- Ka nako eo, nts'etsopele ea software e ne e le ts'ebetso e rarahaneng le e theko e boima, e fumanehang feela ho lik'hamphani tse kholo.
- Le khamphani ea nts'etsopele ea software ea nako ena li ne li tsepamisitse maikutlo haholo ho theheng software bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa mahlale le boenjiniere.
Ho hola le ho ata:
- Lilemong tsa bo-70 le bo-80, ka ho ata ha lik'homphieutha tse nyenyane le lik'homphieutha tsa botho, nts'etsopele ea software e ile ea fumaneha haholoanyane.
- Ho ile ha tsoaloa ba bangata ba bacha khamphani ea nts'etsopele ea software, e neng e fana ka mefuta e fapaneng ea software bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse fapaneng.
- Nakong ena, khopolo ea "off-the-shelf" software, ke hore software e entsoeng esale pele le e loketseng ho sebelisoa, e boetse e hasana.
Mehla ea inthanete:
- L'avvento di inthanete lilemong tsa bo-90 e ile ea fetola lefatše la nts'etsopele ea software.
- Le khamphani ea nts'etsopele ea software ba ile ba qala ho theha likopo tsa marang-rang le software bakeng sa puisano ea inthaneteng.
- Tšebeliso ea software ea mohloli o bulehileng, ke hore software e nang le khoutu ea mohloli o fumanehang ka bolokolohi le e feto-fetohang, le eona e ile ea ata.
Meeli e mecha:
- Lilemong tsa morao tjena, ka ho fihla ha leru lik'homphieutha le lisebelisoa tsa thelefono, nts'etsopele ea software e se e fumaneha haholoanyane le ho fetoha habonolo.
- Le khamphani ea nts'etsopele ea software ba theha likopo tse ncha bakeng sa leru, bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa mohala le bakeng saInternet ea lintho (IoT).
- Thebohlale ba maiketsetso le ea ho ithuta mochine ba ntse ba fetoha mahlale a bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea software.
Mehato e meng ea bohlokoa:
- 1955: Ho tsoaloa oa pele khamphani ea nts'etsopele ea software, K'hamphani ea Tšebeliso ea Lik'homphieutha (CUC).
- 1975: Microsoft e hlahile.
- 1983: Lotus Development Corporation e hlahile.
- 1995: Netscape Communications e hlahile.
- 2004: O hlahile Facebook.
- 2007: IPhone e hlahile.
- 2010: O hlahile Google App Engine.
Le khamphani ea nts'etsopele ea software li bile le karolo ea bohlokoa ntlafatsong ea theknoloji ea tlhahisoleseling le theknoloji. Ba thusitse ho theha software eo re e sebelisang letsatsi le letsatsi ho sebetsa, ho buisana, ho bapala le ho ithabisa.
Khampani ea nts'etsopele ea software : libaka tsa ts'ebetso
Webosaete ea Marang-rang e etsa mesebetsi ea eona khamphani ea nts'etsopele ea software, libakeng tse latelang tsa ts'ebetso:
- Lombardy : Milano, Bergamo, Brescia, Como, Cremona, Lecco, Lodi, Mantua, Monza le ea Brianza, Pavia, Sondrio, Varese;
- Abruzzo : chieti, TheAkila, Pescara, Teramo;
- Basilicata : Matera, Potenza;
- Calabria : Catanzaro, Cosenza, Crotone, Reggio Calabria, Vibo Valentia;
- Campania : Avellino, Benevento, Caserta, Napoli, Salerno;
- Emilia Romagna : Bologna, Ferrara, Forlì, Cesena, Modena, Parma, Piacenza, Ravenna, Reggio Emilia, Khao Lak;
- Friuli Venezia Giulia : Gorizia, Pordenone, Trieste, Udine;
- Lazio : Frosinone, Latina, Rieti, Roma, Viterbo;
- Liguria : Genova, Imperia, La Spezia, Savona;
- Tsamaea : Ancona, Ascoli piceno, E emisitsoe, Macerata, ke lekanya, Urbino;
- Molise : Campobasso, Isernia;
- Piedmont : bologna alessandria, Asti, Biella, Chesele, bologna novara, bologna torino, Verbano, Cusio, Ossola, Vercelli;
- Puglia : Bari, Barletta, Andria, Trani, Brindisi, Foggia, Lecce, Taranto;
- Sardegna : Cagliari, Carbonia, Iglesias, Mahareng Campidano, molemo, Khotso, Olbia, Tempele, Oristano, Sassari;
- Sicilia : grigento, Caltanissetta, Catania, enna enna, Messina, Palermo, ragusa, Syracuse, Trapani;
- Tuscany : Arezzo, Firenze, Grosseto, Livorno, Lucca, Paseka, Carrara, Pisa, Pistoia, Prato, Siena;
- Trentino Alto Adige : Bozen, E lebisa;
- Umbria : Perugia, Terni;
- Valle d'Aosta : Aosta;
- Veneto : Belluno, Padova, Rovigo, Treviso, Venezia, Verona, Vicenza;
- Svizzera : Canton ea Appenzell Ka ntle, Canton ea Appenzell Ka hare, Motse oa Aargau, Canton ea Basel Naha, Canton ea Basel Motse, Canton ea Bern, Motse oa Friborg, Canton ea Geneva, Motse oa Jura, Canton ea Glarus, Canton ea Grisons, Canton ea Lucerne, Canton ea Nidwalden, Motse oa Neuchtel, Canton ea Obwalden, Canton ea St. Gallen, Motse oa Schaffhausen, Motse oa Solothurn, Motse oa Schwyz, Motse oa Thurgau, Canton ea Uri, Canton ea Valais, Motse oa Vaud, Canton ea Zug, Canton ea Zurich, Motse oa Ticino.
Webosaete ea Marang-rang e etsa mesebetsi ea eona khamphani ea nts'etsopele ea software, a Motse oa Ticino :
- setereke sa mendrisio ka lidikadikwe tsa mendrisio, leruarua, Caneggio, stabilizer e Riva San Vitale;
- setereke sa Lugano ka lidikadikwe tsa Lugano ke, Lugano bophirima, Lugano leboea, Ceresium, Paradiso, Magliasina, agno, Sesa, sonvico, Vezia, Bren, Pregassona, Capriasca e tavern:
- setereke sa Locarno ka lidikadikwe tsa Locarno, Lihlekehleke tsa Letša la Maggiore, Onsernon, Gambarogno, apole, Sejana e Verzasca;
- setereke sa Vallemaggia ka lidikadikwe tsa rovana, maggia e Lavizzara;
- setereke sa Bellinzona ka lidikadikwe tsa Bellinzona, Ticino le Giubiasco;
- setereke sa Riviera le sehlopha sa Riviera;
- setereke sa Blenium ka lidikadikwe tsa Serravalle, Aquarossa e Blenium;
- setereke sa Leventine ka lidikadikwe tsa Giornico, faido, Ea bohlano e Airolo.
Khampani ea ntlafatso ea software, 'marakeng oa machaba
Webosaete ea Marang-rang e etsa mesebetsi ea eona khamphani ea nts'etsopele ea software libakeng tse latelang tsa ts'ebetso ea mmaraka oa machabeng: Motse oa New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, Houston, Philadelphia, Phoenix, San Antonio, San Diego, Dallas, San Jose, Indianapolis, San Francisco, Detroit, ElPaso, Seattle, Boston, Washington, Sacramento, Atlanta, Raleigh, Motse oa New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, Houston, Philadelphia, Phoenix, San Antonio, San Diego, Dallas, San Jose, Indianapolis, San Francisco, Detroit, ElPaso, Seattle, Boston, Washington, Sacramento, Atlanta, Raleigh; Canada: Toronto, Montreal, Calgary, Ottawa, Edomoonton, missisauga, Winnipeg, Vancouver; United Kingdom : Londra, Glasgow, Sheffield, Liverpool, Manchester, Bristol, Leeds, Birmingham; Europe: Londra, Berlin, Madrid, Roma, Paris, Bucharest, Vienna, Hamburg, Budapest, Warsaw, Barcelona, Monaco, Milano, Sofia, Prague, Bruxelles, Birmingham, Colonia, Napoli, Stockholm, bologna torino, Marseille, Amsterdam, Zagreb, Valencia, Moscow, Dusseldorf;
Metse e meholo lefatšeng: Tokyo, Shanghai, Jakarta, Delhi, Seoul, Istanbul, Karachi, Tokyo, Guangzhou, Mumbai, Moscow, Mohalaleli Paul, Lahore, Delhi, Jakarta, Kinshasa, Seoul, Mexico City, Londra, New York, Bangalore, Ho Chi Minh, Lima, Hanoi, Bogota, Tehran, Hong Kong, Bangkok, Dhaka, Cairo, Rio De Janeiro, Caracas, Baghdad, St. Petersburg, Riad, Calcutta, Singapore, Santiago, Sydney, Surat, Chennai, Melbourne, Yangon, Alexandria ea Egepeta, Shenyang, Hyderabad, Los Angeles, Ahmedabad, Ankara, Johannesburg, Wuhan, Yokohama, Abidjan, Busan, Motse Kapa, Durban, beha, Jedda, Berlin, Casablanca, Pyongyang, Kanpur, Madrid, Jaipur, Nairobi, Faisalabad, Ürümqi, Brasilia, Salvador, Buenos Aires, Roma, Chicago, Fortaleza, Chittagong, Belo Horizonte, Toronto; United Kingdom : Aberdeen, basingstoke, Bathe, Belfast, Birmingham, Brighton, Bristol, Bromley, Cambridge, Cardiff, Edinburgh, Exeter, Gateshead, Glasgow, Lithokoa, Greenhithe, Kingston upon Thames, Leeds, Leicester, Liverpool, London, Manchester, Milton Keynes, Newcastle upon Tyne, Norwich, Plymouth, ho bala, Sheffield, Solihull, Southampton, Watford; Sebaka sa Motse-moholo oa Australia: Canberra, Australia Boroa, Rundle Place, New South Wales bondi, Broadway, Litora tsa Castle, Charlestown, Chatswood Lelekisa, Hornsby, Miranda, Penrith, Sydney, Queensland:Brisbane , Carindale, Chermside, Robina, Victoria, Chadstone, Southland, Doncaster, Heke ea Seliba; Austria: Vienna, Belgium: Brussels, Brazil:Barra da Tijuca, São Paulo, Canada: Alberta (Canada), Calgary, Edmonton, British Columbia (Canada) Burnaby,Coquitlam, Richmond, Surrey, Vancouver, Manitoba (Canada), Winnipeg, Nova Scotia (Canada), Halifax, Ontario (Canada),Burlington, London, Markham, Mississauga, Newmarket, Ottawa, Toronto, Waterloo, Quebec (Canada),Mohlankana, LavalMontreal, Pointe Claire, Quebec City; United Arab Emirates: Abu Dhabi, Dubai; France : E-en-Provence, Bordeaux, Dijon, Le Chesnays, Sebaka se halalelang, Lille, Lyon, Marne-la-Vallee, Marseille, Montpellier, Nice, Paris, Puteaux: la Tšireletso, Rosny-Sous-Bois, Mohalaleli Herblain, Strasbourg, Velizy-Villacoublay; Germania : Augsburg, Berlin, Cologne, Dresden, Dusseldorf, Frankfurt, Hamburg, Hanover, Munich, Oberhausen, Sindelfingen, Sulzbach; Spagna : Molaetsa oa Encomienda, li-arroyomolinos, Barcelona, Churra, Leganés, Mayadahonda, Marbella, Valencia, Zaragoza, Sweden: Helsingborg, Malmö, Taby; Svizzera Basel, Geneva, Glattzentrum bei Wallisellen, Zurich. Webosaete ea Marang-rang e sebetsa United States of America. Webosaete ea Marang-rang e sebetsa Canada. Webosaete ea Marang-rang sebetsa Europe; Albania: Tirana; Germania: Berlin; Andorra: Andorra la Vella; Austria: Vienna; Belgium: Bruxelles; Belarus: Minsk; Bosnia Herzegovina: Sarajevo; Bulgaria: Sofia; Croatia: Zagreb; Denmark: Kopenhagen; Slovakia: Bratislava; Slovenia: Ljubljana; Spagna: Madrid; Estonia: Tallinn; Finland: Helsinki; France: Paris; Greece: Athene; Hungary: Budapest; Ireland: Dublin; Iceland: Reykjavik; Latvia: Riga; Liechtenstein: Vaduz; Lithuania: Vilnius; Luxembourg: Luxembourg; Malta: Valletta; Moldova: Chisinau; Monaco: Monaco; Montenegro: Podgorica; Norway: Oslo; Netherlands: Amsterdam; Poland: Warsaw; Portugal: Lisbon; United Kingdom: Londra; Czech Republic: Prague; Rephabliki ea Macedonia: Skopje; Romania: Bucharest; San Marino: San Marino; Serbia: Belgrade; Sweden: Stockholm; Svizzera: Lugano, Canton of Ticino, Bellinzona, Locarno, mendrisio, lerata, Bern; Ukraine: Kiev; Webosaete ea Marang-rang e sebetsa Asia, Afghanistan: Kabul;
Saudi Arabia : Riyadh; Armenia: Yerevan; Azerbaijan: Baku; Bahrain: Manama; Bangladesh: Dhaka; Bhutan: Thimphu; Burma: Naypyidaw; Brunei: Kelana Seri Begawan; Cambodia: Phnom Penh; Chaena: Beijing; Korea Leboea : Pyongyang; Korea Boroa: Seoul; United Arab Emirates: Abu Dhabi; Philippines: Manila; Georgia: Tbilisi; Japane: Tokyo; Jordane: Amman; India: New Delhi; Indonesia: Jakarta; Iran: Tehran; Iraq: Baghdad; Iseraele: Jerusalema; Kazakhstan: Astana; Kyrgyzstan: Bishkek; Kuwait: Motse oa Kuwait; Laos: Vientiane; Lebanone: Beirut; Maldives: e motona; Malaysia: kuala lumpur; Mongolia: Ulan Bator; Nepal: Kathmandu; Oman: Mascate; Pakistan: Islamabad; Palestina: Jerusalema ea Bochabela; Qatar: Doha; Singapore : Singapore; Syria: Damaseka; Sri Lanka: Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte; Tajikistan: Dushanbe; Taiwan: Taipei; Thailand: Bangkok; Kalakuni: Ankara; Turkmenistan: Ashgabat; Uzbekistan: Tashkent; Vietnam: Hanoi; Yemen: o; Webosaete ea Marang-rang e sebetsa Afrika, Algeria: Algiers; Angola: Luanda; Benin: Benin; Botswana: gaborone botswana; Burkina Faso: Ouagadougou; Burundi: Bujumbura; Cameroon: Yaoundé; Cape Verde: Praia; Chad: N'Djamena; Li-Comoros: Moroni; Ivory Coast: Yamoussoukro; Egepeta: Cairo; Eritrea: Asmara; Ethiopia: Addis Ababa; Gabon: Libreville; Gambia: Banjul; Ghana: Krrish; Djibouti: Djibouti; Guinea: Conakry; Guinea-Bissau: Bissau; Equatorial Guinea: Malabo; Kenya: Nairobi; Lesotho: Maseru; Liberia: Monrovia; Libya: Tripoli; Madagascar: Antananarivo; Malawi: Lilongwe; Bokhopo: Bamako; Mauritania: Mauritania; Mauritius: Port Louis; Moroko: Rabat; Mozambique: Maputo; Namibia: Windhoek; Niger: Niamey; Nigeria: Abuja; Rephaboliki ea Afrika Bohareng: Bangui; Rephabliki ea Congo: Brazzaville; Democratic Republic of the Congo: Kinshas
Hase feela ba haufi le rona ba re khethang.
Share:
Fumana lintlha tse ling ho Marang-rang a Marang-rang
Ingolise ho fumana lingoliloeng tsa morao-rao ka lengolo-tsoibila.
