IiNkqubo zoLawulo lweDatha kunye neeDBMS

90s/00s

Iinkqubo ezamkelweyo: ERP.

Indawo: ln house / Outsource.

IThekhinoloji: Injongo ngokuBanzi (umzekelo, iPC) ngokusebenzisa intanethi

Ngeli xesha uqoqosho luqhutywa zizinto ezimbini eziphambili: ukungazinzi kunye nokwanda kokhuphiswano. Iinkampani zizama ukuzibeka kwakhona, ukufumana ezinye iindima kunye nobunye ubuchwepheshe. Amashishini anokucinga ukuba anombono othile ngokubhekiselele kwiintshukumo zawo; ngelixa izibonelelo zophuhliso loqoqosho zazininzi kwaye kwakukho isiqinisekiso sokuba nazo kwiminyaka elandelayo, ngoko ke ukuba nenkululeko yokulawula utshintsho olucwangcisiweyo nakwixesha elifutshane, ngoku kuyimfuneko ukucwangcisa ngcono ukusetyenziswa kwemithombo ixesha elide. Ngokukodwa kwitekhnoloji ye-elektroniki kunye nolwazi, ukungazinzi kwehlabathi lanamhlanje kuthetha ukuba imveliso eyimpumelelo ngexesha elithile ayinakuhlala ixesha elide kwimarike. Oku kuyinyaniso kwixesha elifutshane kwaye, ngakumbi, kwixesha elide.

00s/10s

Sisekumdlalo!

10s/20s

Kuza kwenzeka ntoni?

I-teknoloji yokuqala ekhoyo yi-mainframe (IBM S / 3603 iphakathi kweyokuqala ukungena kwinkampani). Kwicandelo le-ITC, i-innovation inkulu kwaye iinkampani ezininzi zizalwa, ziphuhliswe kakhulu, kodwa zinyamalale ngokukhawuleza, ngamanye amaxesha zifakwe (ezifana ne-Netscape, edume ngesikhangeli segama elifanayo, ngoku isahlulo se-AOL) , ngamanye amaxesha akunjalo.

Ubume bemakethi ye-IT buyalela imithetho engqongqo kakhulu yokusungula izinto ezintsha.

Ngokusasazeka konxibelelwano lokuqala, ii-terminals zokufikelela kude kwikhompyuter ephakathi (i-stellar topology) zazalwa. Emva koko inethiwekhi iphuhliswe ngokubeka iiseva eziphakathi. Kuphela emva kwexesha ifika Internet, isiseko esivumela ukuba sidibanise a

inkitha yolwakhiwo olwahlukeneyo (uluhlu lwemigangatho, i-peer to peer4, client-server5, ring…). Kwi Internet yonke into ephakathi phakathi kwee-terminals ezimbini zokunxibelelana ifihliwe, izakhiwo zichazwe emva kokuba inethiwekhi iphuhlisiwe. Isinika inkululeko eyoyikisayo: asisafuni isakhiwo esivumela ukuba sizise ucwangco. Internet ngokuqinisekileyo bubuchwephesha obukhulu (kwintsingiselo yesiNgesi yeli gama, okt ubukhulu becala).

Olu hambo lwembali lubalulekile ekuqondeni iinkqubo zolwazi kwaye, ngokubanzi, itekhnoloji, kuba:

• amashishini, kunye nemibutho ngokubanzi, bayinzala yesithethe sabo kwaye amava abo enza umahluko;
• iimeko zezentlalo nezopolitiko ziyinxalenye ephambili yokusingqongileyo;
• i-evolution kunye nemo yobugcisa ikwangumsebenzi weendlela zabasebenzisi.

Siya ngokwanda ubungqina bokusebenzisana kokhetho lwenkampani olusekwe kwindaleko yabo abathengi.

Njengoko uKlee ebonisa kwi "Angelus Novus" yakhe "Ingelosi yezinto ezintsha kufuneka ijonge kwixesha elidlulileyo" okanye kunoko kufuneka sijonge kwixesha elidlulileyo ukwenza izinto ezintsha.

Ukuguquka okunokwenzeka kweenkqubo zolwazi

Iinkqubo ze-ERP, ezilawulwa yi-SAP kunye ne-Oracle, zazalwa kwi-70s. Zenzelwe iinkampani ezinobuchwephesha obuhlukeneyo kunye nezakhiwo kunezo zangoku, ezilungiselelwe indawo apho imarike yayizinzile.

Kucacile ke ngoko ukuba kukho imfuneko yokwazisa izinto ezintsha, nangona kunjalo sithintelwa zizinto ezithile, eyona nto iphambili kukuchasana nokutshintsha kwabantu abasebenzisa iinkqubo ezikhoyo ngoku, njengoko utshintsho lufuna ukufunda nokufunda into entsha. (engasoloko yamkelwa).

Iinkqubo zokusebenza ezisetyenziswayo namhlanje ikakhulu

• Unix (iminyaka engama-40)
• Windows (iminyaka engama-30)
• Linux (iminyaka engama-20)

Ezi nkqubo zazalwa ngexesha apho ubuchwephesha bolwazi benziwa kwiikhompyutha ezinobungakanani obuphakathi. Ngokuhamba kwexesha ezi nkqubo zinye zasasazeka kwiindawo zokusebenza kunye neeseva.

Kuyakhathaza ukuba kwihlabathi lanamhlanje azikho iinkqubo ezintsonkothileyo kunezi zikhoyo: ukujonga umzekelo kwiwebhu, umntu unokucinga ngokuzisa inkqubo entsha yokusebenza exhasa iithegi kwiphepha ngalinye loxwebhu.

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