IiNkqubo zoLawulo lweDatha kunye neeDBMS

Umanyano lweMisebenzi kunye neZiGqibo kwiinkqubo zeERP

Ukudityaniswa phakathi kweenkqubo zenkxaso yemisebenzi kunye neenkqubo zobuntlola bezoshishino ziyaqhubeka nokukhula de kube nokuvela kweenkqubo ze-ERP, i-Enterprise Resource Planning, ethatha indima yenkqubo yolwazi olulodwa ebomini benkampani. Ezi nkqubo, ezifikelele ekusasazweni okukhulu ngeminyaka yoo-90s, zisetyenziswa kakhulu kuzo zonke iinkampani eziphakathi/ezinkulu kwaye ziya zisanda kakhulu kwiinkampani eziphakathi/ezincinci.

Imveliso ehamba phambili kule marike yi-SAP.

Ukwamkelwa kwe-ERP (ekungeyomfuneko ukuba ibe yi-SAP) sisiqalo esitsha senkampani: ukudityaniswa kolwazi kunye nolawulo lwayo olusembindini kodwa olumodyuliweyo luvumela iingqiqo ezintsonkothileyo zokuqiqa (uphononongo lwemida yenzuzo, iimeko zokungahlawulwa/ukungakwazi ukuhlawula amatyala …).

Ngoko ukuguqulela isakhiwo senkampani kwimodeli ye-ERP yindlela efanelekileyo yokuqonda ngokupheleleyo indlela iinkampani eziqulunqwe ngayo kunye nendlela ezisebenza ngayo. Nangona kunjalo, nge-ERPs kunzima ukubamba i-essence yeenkampani njenge "generators of knowledge", kwaye kuba nzima ukubamela kuzo zonke iinkcukacha zabo.

Enyanisweni, ingxaki yokumela inkampani ivela kwinto yokuba iinkqubo ze-ERP ezikhoyo ngoku zisekelwe kwimodeli yenkampani esebenzayo ye-hierarchical (imodeli ye-ARIS), ngelixa kwihlabathi lanamhlanje liqhelekileyo ukuchonga imibutho enesakhiwo se-matrix, kwi apho abantu bangenalo uxhomekeko olunye (oluvela kophezulu), kodwa luphindwe kabini: olunye lwendawo yokusebenza (ulwazi abanalo abantu ngabanye, umzekelo umyili unesalathiso "umyili oyintloko") kunye nomnye womsebenzi (iprojekthi abasebenzayo, umzekelo umyili "unomphathi weprojekthi" weprojekthi asebenza kuyo ngoku).

Ke ngoko kukho abaphathi abaninzi bomsebenzi omnye, abaneemeko zongquzulwano ezinokubakho.

Ngaphaya koko, ii-ERP zinika imida enxulumene nokwahluka kwenkampani: inkampani ayinakuqikelela ukuba iya kuvela njani kwaye iya kutshintsha njani. Inkqubo ye-IT kufuneka ihambelane neenguqu kwinkampani, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha i-ERP yakhiwe kakhulu ukuba ikwazi ukuhambisana nenguqu yenkampani kwaye esi siphene sazisa ukuqina okuzibonakalisa njengomqobo kwi-evolution yenkampani.

Ekugqibeleni, xa uthatha isigqibo nge-ERP, kufuneka uqonde:

• umanyaniso dati: ERPs ngokucacileyo ayinakuyihoya le dati yeenkampani, ezininzi kwaye zingalungelelaniswa, kukho imfuneko yokusebenzisa iindawo zokugcina idatha
• zeziphi iingxaki ezivelayo xa ulawula inkampani ngokupheleleyo kunye ne-ERP, ngoko ke zeziphi iimpawu ezahlukileyo zenkampani eyamkela i-ERP ethile kwaye yeyiphi na into enokuyenza ngezi ngxaki (umzekelo, iimpawu ezithile kwiinkampani zelizwe elithile, umzekelo, i-Italian abo bahlulwa ngokwesithethe kunye nolawulo losapho, ubungakanani obuphakathi, ukuchasa utshintsho)

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