IiNkqubo zoLawulo lweDatha kunye neeDBMS

I-UPS yinkokeli yehlabathi kuthutho lweepasile.

Apha ngezantsi kukho inkcazo yonxulumano phakathi kwemiba eyahlukeneyo (intsebenziswano / umbutho / iinkqubo).

Kugxininiswa ukuba, xa kujongwa ubungakanani benkampani, ubume beshishini layo kunye nobungakanani bobugcisa ebusebenzisayo, inkcazo epheleleyo ibiya kuba ngaphaya kwemida ebekiweyo kule ngxelo; ke ngoko siya kuzama ukunika isishwankathelo semiba ephambili.

nokuhlanganisa

Ukuhlanganiswa kokuqala phakathi kweenkalo ekunokuthi kuthethwe ngazo kukuba phakathi kwenkqubo kunye nombutho. I-UPS yinkampani enkulu, kodwa babenokubona kwangaphambili ukuyila eyabo kwasekuqaleni isiseko sedatha njengento esembindini, i-monolithic. Indawo yaseNew Jersey - njengewele layo eGeorgia, kunjalo - ibamba uthotho lwe sedata eziqulathe (phakathi kolunye ulwazi):

i dati kulawulo lwabasebenzi;

i dati, uhlaziyo lwexesha lokwenyani, kwiindawo zokugcina iimpahla kunye neendlela zothutho ezisetyenziswayo, ezisasazwa kuthungelwano lwezothutho oluphakathi;

ulwazi kwiinkampani iqabane ei abathengi (eyokugqibela iphinde yahlaziya ixesha lokwenyani, ngokusekwe kulwazi oluvela kwiitheminali zeDIAD kunye nesiza intanethi);

i dati ukwenza uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali (iphepha lomncono, ingxelo yengeniso, njl. njl.).

Ukususela kwinkampani opera nangaphandle kweUnited States, ezinye iinkalo nazo zasasazwa kumazwe aphesheya. Umzekelo ngu isiseko sedatha yolawulo lwabasebenzi, ngokobume bayo zidityaniswe neenkqubo zokuhlalutywa kwentsebenzo yezoqoqosho: iindleko zabasebenzi nezokusebenza zigcinwa sedata kuzwelonke, kodwa ulwazi ludityaniswa ngamaxesha athile lutshintshwe lube yimali yase-US; nayiphi na imisebenzi echasene nemveliso ichongiwe kwaye isonjululwe ngokukhawuleza. Isidingo sokulandelela iindleko ngokuzenzekelayo senze ukuba i-UPS izenzele ezinye iinkqubo, kubandakanywa nokuveliswa komvuzo.

Ulawulo lweeshifti kunye namaxesha okuphumla nalo lwenziwe nge-semi-automated: abasebenzi bahlelwa ngokweendidi sedata ngokusekelwe kudidi lwendima, ikharityhulam kunye nommandla wejografi abaphuma kuwo (siya kubona kumhlathi olandelayo ukuba oku sele kumela njani imathiriyeli.

kwi-ontology); isicelo seholide - ekufuneka senziwe kwangethuba - singeniswa kwisoftware engenisa imvume yesicwangciso kwiintloko zamacandelo. Le ndlela, ephepheni isebenze kakuhle kakhulu, yakhokelela ekuqalisweni kwenyathelo lodidi ngokuchasene ne-UPS ngabasebenzi, kuba ayizange ifunyanwe "ibhetyebhetye" nangayiphi na indlela kubantu abaxhomekeke kwimiqobo okanye iziphene ngequbuliso).

I dati ngokunxulumene neendawo zokugcina iimpahla kunye neendlela zothutho ngundoqo weshishini le-UPS, eliphila ngobuchule beenkonzo zayo ngokungavelisi mpahla. Yonke isoftware yenziwa yinkampani ngokwayo kule minyaka ingamashumi amabini idlulileyo kwaye idityaniswe kakhulu: zonke zibhekisa ngokufanayo isiseko sedatha kwaye kukho ukuhamba okuqhubekayo kolwazi ukuya nokubuya kwizicelo.

Umzekelo, xa umthengi ecela iphakheji ukuba ithunyelwe, iinkcukacha zabo zingeniswa - ukusuka ekuqaleni okanye njengohlaziyo (ingakumbi iimbekiselo zentlawulo, eziqinisekisiweyo ngeenkonzo ze-interfacing kunye neenkqubo ze-interbank) Kananjalo zenziwa iirekhodi nazo zonke dati yephakheji (indawo yokuqokelela kunye nokuhanjiswa, enye indawo enokwenzeka xa ukusilela ukuqokelela, iindleko zokuthumela ezibalwe ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye zamkelwe ngumthengi, njl.). Ikhredithi yenziwa ngokukhawuleza emva kokufumana ukuqinisekiswa kokunikezelwa yinkqubo (efike kwi-terminal ye-DIAD).

Isizukulwana somyalelo siphinda sibangele ukudala irekhodi kwinkqubo yokulawula ukuthunyelwa kwenqanawa, ebandakanya isaziso kubaqhubi ababandakanyekayo. Inkqubo yenkxaso yolungiselelo lwe-UPS ithatha inkathalo yokuphucula ukuthunyelwa kweepakethe, zombini ngokobuncinci bendlela ethathwe ziiveni kunye neepakethe ezithuthwa ngabo, ikwathathela ingqalelo abaqhubi abakhoyo ngokwesiseko solu cwangciso lukhankanywe ngasentla lweeholide kunye namaxesha okuphumla. Le yimizekelo yonke yenqanaba eliphezulu lokudityaniswa okuphunyezwe ziinkqubo zenkampani.

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe kuxwebhu lwangaphambili, nanjengoko kuvela koko sele kuthethiwe ukuza kuthi ga ngoku ekuhambeni kwe dati kwizizwe zangaphandle ukuya kwi sedata embindini, umsebenzi omkhulu wogcino lwenzeka. UPS une a sedata yeeterabytes ezininzi ezibamba ithala leencwadi lengcaciso yokusebenza (OIL), ingqokelela enkulu ye dati, eyakhiwe kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo e-granularity, eshwankathela imisebenzi yeqela. I-OIL yadalwa ekuqaleni ngenjongo yokuphucula umbutho wangaphakathi kumhlaba waseMelika kunye nokucwangcisa izicwangciso kwixesha elifutshane, kodwa ukususela ngo-1999 idibanise yonke ingcaciso malunga nomsebenzi weplanethi kwaye kuphela ukususela ekuqaleni kwe-2000s isetyenziswe kwi-software intelligence intelligence. ukusetyenzwa kohlalutyo lwe-intanethi.

I dati abalawuli balo mbutho kungathethwana nabo; njengoko kutshiwo kolunye uxwebhu, ezininzi dati yegranularity entle kakhulu zenziwe zifikeleleke nge-API nge abathengi, umzekelo ulwazi malunga nobume bento nganye ethunyelweyo. THE abathengi ngokwabo banokudibanisa olu lwazi kwiinkqubo zabo ngokulula kakhulu ngenxa yokwamkelwa okucwangcisiweyo kwe-UPS kwemigangatho evulekileyo.

Njengoko kuchaziwe kolunye uxwebhu, kwi-UPS kukho ikhomishini enoxanduva lokwenza izinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe, ukuqokelela iingcebiso kubasebenzi. Iingcamango zingeniswa ngesicelo sewebhu, esinokusetyenziswa nge-intranet yenkampani.

I-ontology yokudibanisa

Xa kucingwa nge-ontology emva kokudityaniswa kwe-UPS, ngokuqinisekileyo sinokuqala kubadlali ababandakanyekayo kwinto ephambili kushishino: ukuthuthwa kweepasile. Ke ngoko, sineklasi yePakethe, ithuthwa ukusuka kwenye indawo ukuya kwenye; uthutho lunokucingwa ngobudlelwane obubini "isithuthi esisuka" kunye "nothutho ukuya", ukuba asibandakanyi

ukwenza imodeli yonikezelo lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye neendlela ezininzi. Ipakeji inokuba neendidi ezininzi ezikhethekileyo - ngokuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zayo - kwaye kufuneka ibe nendawo ekhawulezileyo, ilandele i-geolocation.

Iphakheji idla ngokuthunyelwa nguMthengi; kuthathelwa ingqalelo ubukhulu benkonzo enikezelwa yi-UPS - engabandakanyi ukuthuthwa kweepasela kuphela - ingqwalasela enkulu kufuneka ihlawulwe kwinkcazo yeeklasi ezifunyenweyo kunye neempawu. Nayiphi na inkonzo enikezelwayo, nayiphi na indalo, ibandakanya "ukuphunyezwa" koMyalelo weentlobo ezahlukeneyo, ezifana noThutho.

Kungenzeka ukuba umthengi ajike abe nguMboneleli. I-ontology inokuchaza iklasi yokudibanisa kakhulu i-PartnerCompany ukuba iyaqonda ukuba zombini yinkampani yoMthengi kunye noMboneleli, okanye ukuba yenze ubuncinane unikezelo kunye ne-odolo enye ubuncinane.

UBrown omkhulu, njengoko ubizwa njalo kwijagoni ye-UPS, uqulunqwe ikakhulu ngamaqumrhu abaSebenzi aququzelelwe ngoluhlu olukhulu nolwahlukeneyo lwemigangatho (Itshati yoMbutho). Apha kwakhona, ulwakhiwo kufuneka luchaneke, lugxininise ngakumbi kwimiba enxulumene nendawo / ixesha: umsebenzi uya kusebenza kwiNgingqi ethile, oko kukuthi ukuhlanganiswa kweendawo kuthungelwano lwehlabathi, kuya kugubungela ixesha elithile ngeveki yakhe yokusebenza kwaye ngoko. kwi. I-ontology enjalo iya kwenza kube lula ukwenza intelekelelo ezenzekelayo xa usenza iishifti zokuphumla. Ngokumisela ngokwaneleyo ezinye iimpawu ezifana neziqinisekiso zemfundo, izihloko, iwonga lenkonzo kunye neminyaka yokuba kwisikhundla esiphezulu, abaphathi banikwa ithuba lokuvavanya indlela abaqhuba ngayo abasebenzi ngokobungakanani - ngokunjalo nangomgangatho.

Uninzi lwezi dati sele zikhona kwiinkqubo ze-UPS zelifa, ezigcinwe ngaphakathi sedata yaziswa kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini edlulileyo. Abanye banokuvela "kwiimbono" ezifanelekileyo kwiziko ledatha okanye ngemisebenzi yokwembiwa kwedatha.

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