90aad/00aadkii
Sistemi adottati: ERP.
Goobta: ln house / Outsource.
Tecnologia: General Purpose (e.g. PC) via internet
Xilligan dhaqaalaha waxaa dhaqaajiya laba arrimood oo waaweyn: xasillooni darro iyo tartanka oo kordhay. Shirkaduhu waxay isku dayayaan inay iskood isu rogaan, helaan doorar kale iyo tignoolajiyada kale. Ganacsiyadu waxay u malayn karaan inay leeyihiin aragti gaar ah oo ku saabsan dhaqdhaqaaqooda; iyadoo inta lagu guda jiro horumarinta dhaqaaluhu ay aad u badneyd, isla markaana la damaanad qaaday in la heli karo sanadaha soo socda, sidaas darteed in la helo xorriyadda dhaqdhaqaaqa isbeddelka istiraatiijiga ah xitaa muddada gaaban, hadda waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in si wanaagsan loo qorsheeyo isticmaalka kheyraadka muddo dheer. Gaar ahaan teknoolojiyadda elektiroonigga ah iyo macluumaadka, xasilloonida adduunka casriga ah waxay la macno tahay in badeecadda guusha leh ee waqti gaar ah aysan daruuri ku sii jiri karin suuqa. Tani waa run muddada gaaban iyo, xitaa ka sii badan, muddada dheer.
00aad/10aadkii
Wali waxaan ku jirnaa ciyaarta!
10aad/20aadkii
Maxaa dhici doona?
La prima tecnologia a disposizione è il mainframe (IBM S/3603 è tra i primi ad entrare in azienda). Nel settore dell’ITC l’innovazione è massiccia e sono molte le aziende che nascono, si sviluppano in modo consistente, ma spariscono in fretta, a volte assorbite (come Netscape, famosa per l’omonimo browser, è ora una divisione di AOL), a volte no.
Qaab dhismeedka suuqa IT wuxuu qeexayaa xeerar aad u adag oo loogu talagalay hal-abuurka.
Markii la faafiyay xiriirradii ugu horreeyay, terminal loogu talagalay gelitaanka fog ee kumbuyuutarka dhexe (stellar topology) ayaa dhashay. Kadibna shabakadu waxay horumarisay iyada oo la saaray server-yada dhexe. Kaliya hadhow ayay timaadaa Internet, Kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha oo noo ogolanaya in aan is dhex galno a
dhismeyaal badan oo kala duwan (heerarchical, peer to peer4, macmiil-server5, giraan…). Gudaha Internet Wax kasta oo u dhexeeya labada terminal ee isgaadhsiinta waa qarsoon yihiin, qaab-dhismeedyada ayaa la qeexay ka dib markii shabakada la sameeyay. Waxay na siisaa xoriyad cabsi leh: uma baahnid qaab-dhismeed noo ogolaanaya inaan keeno nidaam. Internet Dhab ahaantii waa tignoolajiyad weyn (macnaha Ingiriisiga ee ereyga, i.e. cabbirrada waaweyn).
Safarkan taariikhiga ah wuxuu muhiim u yahay fahamka nidaamyada macluumaadka iyo, guud ahaan, tignoolajiyada, sababtoo ah:
- ganacsiyada, iyo ururadu guud ahaan, waa farcankii dhaqankooda iyo waayo-aragnimadooda ayaa isbeddelaysa;
- xaaladaha siyaasad-bulsho waa qayb ka mid ah deegaanka ugu badan;
- Kobcinta iyo xaaladda fanku sidoo kale waa shaqo ka mid ah waddooyinka isticmaalaha.
Waxaan si isa soo taraysa u markhaati furaynaa is-bedelka doorashada shirkadaha ee ku salaysan horumarka ay iyagu leeyihiin macaamiisha.
Sida Klee uu ku muujinayo "Angelus Novus" "Malaa'igta hal-abuurnimadu waa in ay eegtaa waxyaalihii hore" ama waa in aan eegno wixii la soo dhaafay si aan u samayno waxyaabo cusub.
Horumarka suurtagalka ah ee hababka macluumaadka
I sistemi ERP, dominati da SAP e Oracle, sono nati negli anni ’70. Sono stati realizzati per aziende che disponevano di tecnologie e strutture diverse da quelle attuali, che erano pensate per un ambiente in cui il mercato era stabile.
Haddaba waxaa cad in loo baahan yahay in la soo bandhigo hal-abuurnimo, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa xaddiday qodobbada qaarkood, oo ay ugu weyn tahay iska caabbinta isbeddelka ee dadka isticmaala nidaamyada hadda jira, maadaama isbeddelku u baahan yahay barashada iyo barashada wax cusub. (taasoo aan mar walba la soo dhawaynayn).
Nidaamyada hawlgalka ee maanta la isticmaalo ayaa u badan
- Unix (40 sano)
- Windows (30 sano)
- Linux (20 sano)
Nidaamyadani waxay dhasheen xilli tignoolajiyada macluumaadka lagu samayn jiray kombuyuutarrada yaryar ee dhexdhexaadka ah. Muddo ka dib nidaamyadan ayaa ku faafay goobaha shaqada iyo adeegayaasha.
Waa wax laga welwelo in dunida maanta aysan jirin nidaamyo ka casrisan kuwan jira: tusaale ahaan marka la eego shabakadda internetka, qofku wuxuu ku fekeri karaa inuu soo bandhigo nidaam cusub oo hawlgal ah kaas oo taageeraya tags kasta hal bog oo dukumeenti ah.
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