Imantra yokuvula mgangatho wedatha : a dato ayivulanga kwaye ayingomgangatho yindleko kwiinkampani kunye nomgangatho kwi dati open kufuneka ihlale ixabisa kancinci.
I Vula Umgangatho weDatha isuka kwi vula idatha na mgangatho wedatha.
In kwi-intanethi, senza uphando kunye nophuhliso kwindawo evulekileyo mgangatho wedatha, ayisiyiyo kuphela abo basondeleyo kuthi abasikhethayo.
I dati bayioli yewaka leminyaka elitsha, i vula idatha Itekhnoloji eyonakalisayo kuba kokukhona utshintsho lukhulu, kokukhona kukho izinto ezintsha. Umnxibelelanisi wewebhu kwi-Intanethi uyakholelwa ukuba vula idatha zichanekile kwaye zinokuba likamva, a dato ukungavulwa lixabiso leenkampani kwaye dati open kufuneka ihlale ixabisa kancinci.
Kwi-Intanethi yeWebhusayithi isebenza kwi dati, kwaye ayisiyiyo kuphela abo basondeleyo kuthi abasikhethayo.
Ingcaciso: i dati Oorhulumente kufuneka babekhona kuye nawuphina umntu onakho ukubanakho ukwaba kwakhona nangaluphi na uhlobo ngaphandle kwezithintelo selungelo lokushicilela.
I dati open inokuza nakuwuphi na umthombo.
Imeko: Mna dati evulekileyo inokubandakanya izinto ezingesosicatshulwa ezinje ngeemephu, iigenome, ii-connectomes, iikhompawundi zemichiza, iifomula zemathematics kunye nezesayensi, dati oogqirha kunye nokusebenza, i-bioscience kunye ne-biodiversity. Iingxaki zihlala zivela kuba zinexabiso lezorhwebo okanye zinokudityaniswa zibe yimisebenzi exabisekileyo. Ukufikelela okanye ukusetyenziswa kwakhona kwe dati ilawulwa yimibutho, yoluntu kunye neyabucala. Ulawulo lunokuba ngezithintelo zofikelelo, iilayisensi, amalungelo okushicilela, amalungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza, kunye neentlawulo zofikelelo okanye ukusetyenziswa kwakhona. Abaxhasi be vula idatha xoxa ukuba ezi zithintelo zichasene nenzuzo eqhelekileyo kwaye ezi dati kufuneka zenziwe zifumaneke ngaphandle kwezithintelo okanye iindleko. Ngapha koko, kubalulekile ukuba i dati zinokuphinda zisebenze ngaphandle kokufuna olunye ugunyaziso, nangona iintlobo zokusetyenziswa kwakhona (ezinje ngokudala imisebenzi evela kwezinye) zinokulawulwa lilayisensi.
Kwi-Intanethi yeWebhusayithi sebenza nabo vula idatha Kurhulumente, ezona zicelo zikarhulumente zivulekileyo zifuna ukuxhobisa abemi, ukunceda amashishini amancinci, okanye ukudala ixabiso ngenye indlela eyakhayo neyakhayo. Ukuvulwa kwe dati Urhulumente yindlela nje esendleleni yokuphucula imfundo, ukuphucula ulawulo, kunye nezixhobo zokwakha ukusombulula ezinye iingxaki zehlabathi lokwenyani.
Iinjongo zombutho Vula idatha ziyafana nezo zezinye iintshukumo "Vula".
Ukufikelela okuvulelekileyo kumalunga nokwenza upapasho lwezifundo lufumaneke simahla kwi Internet. Kwezinye iimeko, ezi zinto zikwabandakanya iiseti ze dati vula, imizekelo yile:
Umxholo ovulekileyo umalunga nokwenza ukuba izibonelelo zifumaneke kubaphulaphuli babantu simahla.
-Ulwazi oluvulekileyo. I-Open Knowledge International ithethelela ukuvuleleka kuluhlu lwemiba ebandakanya, kodwa ingaphelelanga apho, leyo ye vula idatha. Amakhava, ezenzululwazi, ezembali, imixholo yejografi; igubungela umxholo onjengomculo, iifilimu, iincwadi; ibandakanya urhulumente kunye nolunye ulwazi lolawulo. I vula idatha zibandakanyiwe phantsi kweNgcaciso yoLwazi oluVulekileyo, ekubhekiselwa kuyo kwiScience Commons protocol ukuze kuphunyezwe. dati ukufikelela okuvulekileyo.
Vula isayensi yencwadana yamanqaku ibhekisa ekusetyenzisweni kwengqikelelo ye Vula idatha kuninzi lwenkqubo yenzululwazi enokwenzeka, kubandakanywa imifuniselo engaphumelelanga kunye dati uvavanyo olunzima.
Isoftware evulekileyo imalunga neelayisensi zomthombo ovulekileyo ezinokuthi zihanjiswe phantsi kwazo iinkqubo zekhompyuter kwaye zingenzi ngesiqhelo ukujongana nazo dati.
Izixhobo ezivulekileyo zemfundo ziyafikeleleka simahla kwaye amaxwebhu asemthethweni kunye namajelo osasazo aluncedo ekufundiseni, ekufundeni nakuvavanyo, nakwiinjongo zophando.
-Vula uphando / uvule isayensi / dati yenzululwazi evulekileyo (edityaniswe kwisayensi evulekileyo) ibonisa indlela yokuvula nokunxibelelana kwezixhobo zesayensi ezinje dati, iindlela kunye nezixhobo ezinobuchule be dati inxulunyaniswe nokwenza ukuba kwenziwe uphando olucacileyo, olunokuphinda luveliswe kunye nolwahlukileyo.
Imantra ye vula idatha : a dato ukungavulwa lixabiso leenkampani kwaye dati open kufuneka ihlale ixabisa kancinci.
In kwi-intanethi, senza uphando kunye nophuhliso malunga nendlela yokusebenzisa i vula idatha, kuba inguqu emandla ngakumbi vula idatha kokukhona kukho inguqulelo entsha; Akunjalo kuphela abo basondeleyo kuthi abasikhethayo.
UMGANGATHO WEDATA
I dati yioyile yewaka elitsha leminyaka, i idatha enkulu Itekhnoloji eyonakalisayo kuba kokukhona utshintsho lukhulu, kokukhona kukho izinto ezintsha. Umnxibelelanisi wewebhu kwi-Intanethi iyakholelwa ukuba mgangatho wedatha ikamva, a dato hayi esemgangathweni ziindleko kwiinkampani kwaye dati iimveliso ezisemgangathweni kufuneka zisoloko zibiza ixabiso elincinci.
Kwi-Intanethi yeWebhusayithi isebenza kwi dati, kwaye ayisiyiyo kuphela abo basondeleyo kuthi abasikhethayo.
I dati kwifomathi yekhompyuter idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kuluntu kunye netekhnoloji yonxibelelwano (ICT) kuluntu kwaye ngenxa yokusasazeka "komgangatho" dati kwifomathi yekhompyuter kunye nefuthe layo kuzo zonke iintlobo zemisebenzi yoluntu lwe-ICT iya isiba ngokubaluleka.
Ukubaluleka kwe umgangatho wedatha kwiinkqubo zokwenza izigqibo zichongiwe kwinkcazo esemgangathweni yeNkqubo-manani yaseYurophu: "Sinika i-European Union kunye nehlabathi ulwazi olukumgangatho ophezulu kuqoqosho nakuluntu kwinqanaba laseYurophu, lesizwe nelommandla, kwaye olu lwazi silwenza lufumaneke kuye wonke umntu. njengenkxaso kwimisebenzi yokwenziwa kwezigqibo, kuphando nakwimpikiswano. " Kwi mgangatho wedatha, un dato hayi esemgangathweni ziindleko kwiinkampani kwaye dati iimveliso ezisemgangathweni kufuneka zisoloko zibiza ixabiso elincinci.
IZiko lokuGcina uLwazi, kwingxelo ka-2002 umgangatho wedathaUxoxa ukuba kukho umsantsa phakathi kokuqonda nenyani umgangatho wedatha kwimibutho emininzi, kwaye iingxaki ezinxulumene umgangatho wedatha Ixabise amashishini aseMelika ngaphezulu kwe- $ 600 yezigidigidi ngonyaka, nakwi mgangatho wedatha, un dato hayi esemgangathweni ziindleko kwiinkampani kwaye dati iimveliso ezisemgangathweni kufuneka zisoloko zibiza ixabiso elincinci.
I dati kwifomathi yekhompyuter bangcono ngokomgangatho kunokuba dati egcinwe kumaxwebhu ephepha, ukuba ngaba mgangatho wedatha: a dato hayi esemgangathweni ziindleko kwiinkampani kwaye dati iimveliso ezisemgangathweni kufuneka zisoloko zibiza ixabiso elincinci.
Kwi-Intanethi yeWebhusayithi isebenza kwi Umgangatho weDatha apho, isidingo sokuqonda nokusombulula iingxaki ezisemgangathweni kwaye ke ukwazi iimpendulo zale mibuzo ilandelayo: Yintoni eyona nto umgangatho wedatha? Zeziphi iindlela, iindlela kunye neengxaki ezikhoyo umgangatho wedatha Ngaba sele zidityanisiwe? Zeziphi iindlela ezaziwayo nezithembekileyo? Zeziphi iingxaki ezingekasonjululwa?
Iinkomfa ezininzi zamazwe aphesheya ziye zakhuthazwa luluntu oluneziseko ze dati kunye neenkqubo zolwazi njengeyona ndima iphambili yophando; Ushicilelo lokuqala lweNkomfa yaMazwe ngaMazwe yoMgangatho woLwazi (i-ICIQ), ngokwesiqhelo ehlelwe eMassachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Boston, ukususela ngowe-1996; Iworkshop yaMazwe ngaMazwe ngoMgangatho woLwazi kwiiNkqubo zoLwazi (IQIS) ixhase inkomfa yeSIGMOD ukususela ngo-2004; isemina yamazwe ngamazwe Idatha kunye noMgangatho woLwazi (i-DIQ) ibanjwe ngaphakathi kwiNkomfa yobuNjineli beeNkqubo zoLwazi oluPhezulu (CAiSE) ukususela ngo-2004; kunye nesemina yamazwe ngamazwe i-Quality of Information Systems (QoIS), iye yabanjwa ngokubambisana neNkomfa ye-Entity Relationship (ER) ukususela ngo-2005. Ezinye iinkomfa ziqhutyelwa kuzwelonke EFransi, Germania naseUnited States.
VULA IDATHA : iindawo zokusebenza
Kwi-Intanethi yeWebhusayithi iqhuba imisebenzi yayo VULA IDATHA, kwezi ndawo zokusebenza zilandelayo:
- Lombardia : Milano, Bergamo, Brescia, Como, Cremona, Lecco, Lodi, Mantova, Monza kunye UBrianza, Pavia, Sondrio, Varese;
- Abruzzo : Chieti, IAkwila, Pescara, Teramo;
- Basilicata : Matera, Potenza;
- labria : ICatanzaro, ICosenza, Crotone, Reggio Calabria, UVibo Valentia;
- Campania : Avellino, Benevento, Caserta, Naples, I-Salerno;
- Emilia Romagna : Bologna, UFerrara, Forlì, Cesena, Modena, Parma, Piacenza, I-Ravenna, UReggio Emilia, Rimini;
- UFriuli Venezia Giulia : Gorizia, His hisque hisque hisquequequequeque hisquequeque hisqueque following, Trieste, Udine;
- Lazio : Frosinone, Latina, Rieti, eRoma, IViterbo;
- Liguria : Genoa, Imperia, La Spezia, Savona;
- Ukuhamba : Ancona, UAscoli PicenoImisiwe, Macerata, I-Pesaro, Urbino;
- Molise : ICampobasso, Isernia;
- Piedmont : Alessandria, Asti, Biella, Cuneo, Novara, eTurin, Verbano, Cusio, Ossola, IVercelli;
- Puglia : Bari, IBarletta, UAndria, Trani, Brindisi, Foggia, Lecce, Taranto;
- eSardinia : Cagliari, ICarbonia, Iicawa, Phakathi Campidano, I-Nuoro, I-Ogliastra, Olbia, Itempile, Oristano, Sassari;
- siciliΓ : IAgrigento, ICaltanissetta, Catania, Enna, UMessina, Palermo, Ragusa, eSirakusa, Trapani;
- Tuscany : I-Arezzo, Florence, Grosseto, ILivorno, Lucca, Massa, UCarrara, Pisa, Pistoia, Prato, Siena;
- UTrentino Alto Adige : Bolzano, Ukuya;
- Umbria : Perugia, Terni;
- Valle d'Aosta : Aosta;
- Veneto : Belluno, Padova, URovigo, Treviso, Venezia, IVerona, Vicenza;
- Svizzera : Canton of Appenzell Ngaphandle, Canton of Appenzell Ngaphakathi, Kwidolophu yaseAargau, Idolophu yaseBasel Ezweni, Idolophu yaseBasel Isixeko, Idolophu yaseBern, Kwidolophu yaseFriborg, Canton yaseGeneva, Canton of Jura, Canton of Glarus, Canton of Grisons, Canton of Lucerne, Idolophu yaseNidwalden, Kwidolophu yaseNeuchatel, Canton of Obwalden, ICanton yaseSt. Gallen, Kwidolophu yaseSchaffhausen, Canton of Solothurn, Canton of Schwyz, Kwidolophu yaseThurgau, Canton of Uri, KwiCanton yaseValais, Kwidolophu yaseVaud, Kwidolophu yaseZug, Canton of Zurich, Canton of Ticino.
Kwi-Intanethi yeWebhusayithi iqhuba imisebenzi yayo VULA IDATHA, kwi Canton of Ticino :
- isithili se i-endrisio kunye nezangqa ze i-endrisio, umnenga, Caneggio, ukuzinzisa e Riva eSan Vitale;
- isithili se Lugano kunye nezangqa ze Lugano Est, Lugano intshona, Lugano mantla, Ceresium, Paradiso, Magliasina, UAgno, I-Sessa, sonvico, UVezia, Bren, IPregassona, Capriasca e ithaveni:
- isithili se Indawo kunye nezangqa ze Indawo, Iziqithi zeLake Maggiore, Onsernon, Gambarogno, apile, Isitya e Verzasca;
- isithili se I-Vallemaggia kunye nezangqa ze i-rovana, UMaggia e Lavizzara;
- isithili se UBellinzona kunye nezangqa ze UBellinzona, Ticino kunye Giubiasco;
- Isithili saseRiviera kunye neklabhu yaseRiviera;
- isithili se Iblenium kunye nezangqa ze Serravalle, Aquarossa e Iblenium;
- isithili se Leventine kunye nezangqa ze IGiornico, UFaido, Isihlanu e Umoya.
VULA IDATHAkwimarike yamazwe ngamazwe
Kwi-Intanethi yeWebhusayithi iqhuba imisebenzi yayo VULA IDATHA kwezi ndawo zilandelayo zokusebenza ze imarike yamanye amazwe: Isixeko saseNew York, los Angeles, Chicago, Houston, IPhiladelphia, Phoenix, San Antonio, San Diego, Dallas, San Jose, Indianapolis, San Francisco, Detroit, ElPaso, Seattle, Boston, Washington, Sacramento, Atlanta, Raleigh, Isixeko saseNew York, los Angeles, Chicago, Houston, IPhiladelphia, Phoenix, San Antonio, San Diego, Dallas, San Jose, Indianapolis, San Francisco, Detroit, ElPaso, Seattle, Boston, Washington, Sacramento, Atlanta, Raleigh; Khanada: Toronto, MontrΓ©al, Calgary, Ottawa, I-Edomonton, emissauga, eyayiseWinnipeg, Vancouver; EUnited Kingdom : London, Glasgow, Sheffield, Liverpool, Manchester, Bristol, Leeds, Birmingham; Europe: London, Berlin, Madrid, eRoma, Paris, Ndiyamkhumbula, Vienna, IHamburg, Budapest, EWarsaw, I-Barcelona, Monakho, Milano, Sofia, Prague, Bruxelles, Birmingham, Ihlomela-dolophu, Naples, Stockholm, eTurin, EMarseille, Amsterdam, Zagreb, Valencia, eMoscow, Dusseldorf;
Izixeko ezikhulu emhlabeni: tokyo, Shanghai, Jakarta, Delhi, Seoul, Istanbul, Karachi, tokyoeGuangzhou, Mumbai, eMoscow, St. UPawulos, Lahore, Delhi, EJakarta, Kinshasa, kuphela, SaseMexico City, London, Inew york, Bangalore, Ho Chi Minh, Lima, Hanoi, UBogota, Tehran, Hong Kong, Bangkok, UDhaka, ICairo, Rio de Janeiro, Caracas, Baghdad, I-St Pietroburgo, Riad, yaseCalcutta, Singapho , Santiago, Sydney, Surat, Chennai, Melbourne, Yangon, IAlexandria yase-Egypt, Shenyang, Hyderabad, los Angeles, Ahmedabad, Ankara, Rhawutini, Wuhan, I Yokohama, Abidjan, IPusan, Kapa, Thekwini, wabeka, UJedda, Berlin, Casablanca, Pyongyang, I-Kanpur, Madrid, Jaipur, Nairobi, I-Faisalabad, ΓrΓΌmqi, Brasilia, Salvador, Buenos Aires, eRoma, Chicago, Fortaleza, Chittagong, Belo Horizonte, Toronto; EUnited Kingdom : Aberdeen, IBasingstoke, ibhafu, EBelfast, Birmingham, Brighton, Bristol, Bromley, Cambridge, Rugby, Edinburgh, Exeter, Gateshead, Glasgow, Imibala, Greenhithe, IKingston kwiThames, Leeds, Leicester, Liverpool, London, Manchester, Milton Keynes, ENewcastle eTyne, ENorwich, Plymouth, Kufunda, Sheffield, Isolihull, Southampton, eWatford; Ummandla Omkhulu WaseAustralia: Canberra, EMzantsi Australia, kwiRundle Place, eNew South Wales bondi, Broadway, Inqaba eTowers, Charlestown, Chatswood Sukela, Iimpondo, Miranda, I-penrith, Sydney, EQueensland:yaseBrisbane , ICarindale, KwiChermside, URobina, Victoria, IChadstone, Mzantsi, IDoncaster, Isango lomthombo; Ostriya : Vienna, Belgium: Brussels, Brazil:IBarra da Tijuca, SΓ£o Paulo, Khanada: E Alberta (Khanada), Calgary, Edmonton, British Columbia (Khanada) Burnaby,Coquitlam, Richmond, Surrey, Vancouver, Manitoba (Khanada), eyayiseWinnipeg, Nova Scotia (Khanada), Halifax, Ontario (Khanada),Burlington, London, UMarkham, Mississauga, Newmarket, Ottawa, Toronto, Waterloo, Quebec (Khanada),Umnqamlezo, LavaleMontreal, UPointe-Claire, SaseQuebec City; Iemireyithi yamaArabhu Amanyene : Abu Dhabi, dubai; EFransi : Aix-en-Provence, Bordeaux, Dijon, IChesnay, uLieusaint, Lille, Lyon, IMarne-la-Vallee, Marseille, Montpellier, IntleeParis, IPuteaux: Ukukhusela, I-Rosny-Sous-Bois, INgcwele uHerblain, Strasbourg, Velizy-Villacoublay; Germania : Augsburg, Berlin, Cologne, Dresden, Dusseldorf, Frankfurt, Hamburg, Hanover, Munich, I-Oberhausen, Sindelfingen, Sulzbach; Spagna : IArroyo de la Encomienda, arroyomolinos, Barcelona, Churra, Imvelaphi, Mayadahonda, Marbella, Valencia, Zaragoza, Svezia: I-Helsingborg, MalmΓΆ, Taby; Svizzera Basel, Geneva, IGlattzentrum ibe yiWallisellen, Zurich. Kwi-Intanethi yeWebhusayithi isebenza eUnited States of America. Kwi-Intanethi yeWebhusayithi usebenza eCanada. Kwi-Intanethi yeWebhusayithi umsebenzi Europe; Alibhaniya: Tirana; Germania: Berlin; Andorra: Andorra la Vella; Ostriya : Vienna; Belgium: Bruxelles; Belarus: Minsk; eBosnia Herzegovina: ESarajevo; Bhulgariya: Sofia; Croatia: Zagreb; Denmark: ICopenhagen; ISlovacchia: Bratislava; Sloveniya: ULjubljana; Spagna: Madrid; Estoniya: Tallinn; EFinland: Helsinki; EFransi: Paris; EGrisi: IAthene; Hungary: Budapest; Ireland: IDublin; Iceland: Reykjavik; Latvia: Riga; Likhtensteyin: Vaduz; ELituania: Vilnius; Luxembourg: Luxembourg; Malta: IValletta; Moldova: Chisinau; Monakho: Monakho; Montenegro: IPodgorica; Norway: Oslo; elamaDatshi: Amsterdam; EPolonia: EWarsaw; Portugal: ILisbon; EUnited Kingdom: London; Umphakathi waseCzech: Prague; IRiphabhlikhi ye Masedoniya: Skopje; Romaniya: Ndiyamkhumbula; San Marino: San Marino; serbia: Belgrade; Svezia: Stockholm; Svizzera: Lugano, kwiCanton yaseTicino, UBellinzona, Indawo, i-endrisio, ingxolo, Bern; Ukraine: Kiev; Kwi-Intanethi yeWebhusayithi isebenza eAsia, Afghanistan: Kabul;
Sawudi Arabhiya : IRiyadh; Armeniya: Yerevan; Azerbayijani: Baku; Bhareyini: Manama; Bhangladeshi: Dhaka; Bhutan: Thimphu; IBurma: Hayipyidaw; Bruneyi: Bandar Seri Begawan; Khambodiya: Phnom Penh; I-China: Beijing; Emantla ekorea : Pyongyang; Emaznstie ekorea : kuphela; Iemireyithi yamaArabhu Amanyene : Abu Dhabi; Filipayinzi: Manila; Jojiya: Tbilisi; Japhan : tokyo; Jordan: Amman; Indiya: ENew Delhi; Indoneshiya: EJakarta; I-Iran: Tehran; Irakh: Baghdad; Sirayeli: iYerusalem; Kazakhstan: Astana; Khirgizstan: Bishkek; Khuweyithi: IMadinat al-Kuwait; Lawos: Vientiane; Libhanon: Beirut; Maldivs: Indoda; Maleyishiya: ikuala Lumpur; Mongoliya: Ulaanbaatar; Nephal: Kathmandu; Oman: IMuscat; Phakistan: Islamabad; Palestina: IYerusalem eseMpuma; Khwatha: Doha; Singapho : Singapho ; Siriya: eDamasko; Esri Lanka : ISri Jayawardenapura Kotte; Tajikistan: Dushanbe; ETaiwan: ku Taipei; Thayilendi: Bangkok; Thekhi: Ankara; Turkmenistani: Ashgabat; Uzbhekistan: I-Tashkent; Viyethnam: Hanoi; Yemen: wena; Kwi-Intanethi yeWebhusayithi isebenza e-Afrika, Algeria: Algiers; Angola: Luanda; Benin: Benin; Botswana: Gaborone; Bhekina Faso: Ouagadougou; Burundi: Bujumbura; Khameruni: YaoundΓ©; Kheyip Verde: Ibhitshi; Tshad: N'Djamena; Khomoros: Moroni; Ivory Coast: Yamoussoukro; Jiphethe: ICairo; Erithriya: Asmara; Yuthophiya: Addis Ababa; Gabhon: Libreville; Gambiya: Banjul; Gana: Accra; Djibouti: Djibouti; Gini: Conakry; Gini-Bissau: Bissau; Ekhwithoriyal Gini: Malabo; Khenya: Nairobi; Lesotho: Maseru; Layibheriya: Monrovia; Libhiya: Tripoli; Madagaska: Antananarivo; Malawi: Lilongwe; Ububi: Bamako; Morithaniya: Morithaniya; Morishiyasi: EPort Louis; Morokho: Rabat; Mozambikh: Maputo; Namibhiya: Windhoek; Nayija: Niamey; Nayijeriya: Abuja; Iriphabliki yaseAfrika eseMbindini: Bangui; IRiphabhlikhi yaseCongo: EBrazzaville; IRiphabliki yeDemocratic yaseCongo: eKinshas.
Ayisiyo kuphela abo basondeleyo kuthi abasikhethayo.
Yabelana:
Fumana okungakumbi kwi-Arhente yeWebhu ye-Intanethi
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